Rôle of Vestibular Nuclei in the Cortical Innervation of the Eye Muscles

Electroanatomy of tectal efferent connections related to eye movements in the horizontal plane

“…Therefore, contribution of lateral tegmental structures to the transmission of tecto-oculomotor effects is not unlikely and has indeed been suggested by earlier lesion experiments (Hyde, 1964). It should be also recalled that some older concepts ascribed to the vestibular nuclei a crucial role in coordination of conjugate eye movements induced by the supratentorial structures (Spiegel, 1933). These ideas gained new support after discovery of vestibular neurons discharging in relation to visually triggered eye movements (Miles, 1974;Keller and Kamath, 1975;Fuchs and Kimm, 1975).…”

Electroanatomy of tectal efferent connections related to eye movements in the horizontal plane

“…Therefore, contribution of lateral tegmental structures to the transmission of tecto-oculomotor effects is not unlikely and has indeed been suggested by earlier lesion experiments (Hyde, 1964). It should be also recalled that some older concepts ascribed to the vestibular nuclei a crucial role in coordination of conjugate eye movements induced by the supratentorial structures (Spiegel, 1933). These ideas gained new support after discovery of vestibular neurons discharging in relation to visually triggered eye movements (Miles, 1974;Keller and Kamath, 1975;Fuchs and Kimm, 1975).…”

Role of the Vestibular Nuclei in the Cerebral Eye Nystagmus

“…Thus Spiegel [1933], Spiegel and T eschler [1929] have reported that the destruction of the vestibular nuclei suppressed the contralateral eye deviation elicited by stimulation of the frontal and occipital eye fields in the cat: under such experimental conditions the cortical stimulations induced predominantly vertical eye deviation. According to Spiegel [1933] the impulses from the cerebral cortex to the muscles of the eye, particularly those for the horizontal ocular movements, have a relay station in the vestibular nuclei before entering the posterior longitudinal fasciculus. Thus a relationship of the cortical oculomotor areas to the vestibular nuclei was postulated: the results of the present research support such a relationship not only for the eye deviations but also for the ocular nystagmus.…”

Ocular bobbing

“…The specific role of the midbrain tectum in vertical eye movements is denied by some (Spiller, 1905;Denny-Brown, 1962;Bender and 'Shanzer, 1964;Pasik and Pasik, 1964;Spiegel, 1964) and maintained by others (Cogan, 1956;Adler, 1959;Cogan, 1964a and1964b;Myers, 1964).…”

“…The presence of a synaptic 'centre' in the pons is improbable. If one exists, it would appear to be in the vestibular nuclear complex (Spiegel, 1933).…”

“…Experimental and clinical evidence indicates that the tract descends beyond the midbrain to a lower brain-stem level, and then re-ascends to these nuclei (Bender and Shanzer, 1964;Smith, David, and Klintworth, 1964;Spiegel,, 1964). Lesions strictly limited to the medulla can produce vertical nystagmus (O'Brien and Bender, 1945).…”

Electroanatomy of tectal efferent connections related to eye movements in the horizontal plane

“…Therefore, contribution of lateral tegmental structures to the transmission of tecto-oculomotor effects is not unlikely and has indeed been suggested by earlier lesion experiments (Hyde, 1964). It should be also recalled that some older concepts ascribed to the vestibular nuclei a crucial role in coordination of conjugate eye movements induced by the supratentorial structures (Spiegel, 1933). These ideas gained new support after discovery of vestibular neurons discharging in relation to visually triggered eye movements (Miles, 1974;Keller and Kamath, 1975;Fuchs and Kimm, 1975).…”

Role of the Vestibular Nuclei in the Cerebral Eye Nystagmus

“…Thus Spiegel [1933], Spiegel and T eschler [1929] have reported that the destruction of the vestibular nuclei suppressed the contralateral eye deviation elicited by stimulation of the frontal and occipital eye fields in the cat: under such experimental conditions the cortical stimulations induced predominantly vertical eye deviation. According to Spiegel [1933] the impulses from the cerebral cortex to the muscles of the eye, particularly those for the horizontal ocular movements, have a relay station in the vestibular nuclei before entering the posterior longitudinal fasciculus. Thus a relationship of the cortical oculomotor areas to the vestibular nuclei was postulated: the results of the present research support such a relationship not only for the eye deviations but also for the ocular nystagmus.…”

Ocular bobbing

“…The specific role of the midbrain tectum in vertical eye movements is denied by some (Spiller, 1905;Denny-Brown, 1962;Bender and 'Shanzer, 1964;Pasik and Pasik, 1964;Spiegel, 1964) and maintained by others (Cogan, 1956;Adler, 1959;Cogan, 1964a and1964b;Myers, 1964).…”

“…The presence of a synaptic 'centre' in the pons is improbable. If one exists, it would appear to be in the vestibular nuclear complex (Spiegel, 1933).…”

“…Experimental and clinical evidence indicates that the tract descends beyond the midbrain to a lower brain-stem level, and then re-ascends to these nuclei (Bender and Shanzer, 1964;Smith, David, and Klintworth, 1964;Spiegel,, 1964). Lesions strictly limited to the medulla can produce vertical nystagmus (O'Brien and Bender, 1945).…”

Electroanatomy of tectal efferent connections related to eye movements in the horizontal plane

“…Therefore, contribution of lateral tegmental structures to the transmission of tecto-oculomotor effects is not unlikely and has indeed been suggested by earlier lesion experiments (Hyde, 1964). It should be also recalled that some older concepts ascribed to the vestibular nuclei a crucial role in coordination of conjugate eye movements induced by the supratentorial structures (Spiegel, 1933). These ideas gained new support after discovery of vestibular neurons discharging in relation to visually triggered eye movements (Miles, 1974;Keller and Kamath, 1975;Fuchs and Kimm, 1975).…”

Role of the Vestibular Nuclei in the Cerebral Eye Nystagmus

“…Thus Spiegel [1933], Spiegel and T eschler [1929] have reported that the destruction of the vestibular nuclei suppressed the contralateral eye deviation elicited by stimulation of the frontal and occipital eye fields in the cat: under such experimental conditions the cortical stimulations induced predominantly vertical eye deviation. According to Spiegel [1933] the impulses from the cerebral cortex to the muscles of the eye, particularly those for the horizontal ocular movements, have a relay station in the vestibular nuclei before entering the posterior longitudinal fasciculus. Thus a relationship of the cortical oculomotor areas to the vestibular nuclei was postulated: the results of the present research support such a relationship not only for the eye deviations but also for the ocular nystagmus.…”

Ocular bobbing

“…The specific role of the midbrain tectum in vertical eye movements is denied by some (Spiller, 1905;Denny-Brown, 1962;Bender and 'Shanzer, 1964;Pasik and Pasik, 1964;Spiegel, 1964) and maintained by others (Cogan, 1956;Adler, 1959;Cogan, 1964a and1964b;Myers, 1964).…”

“…The presence of a synaptic 'centre' in the pons is improbable. If one exists, it would appear to be in the vestibular nuclear complex (Spiegel, 1933).…”

“…Experimental and clinical evidence indicates that the tract descends beyond the midbrain to a lower brain-stem level, and then re-ascends to these nuclei (Bender and Shanzer, 1964;Smith, David, and Klintworth, 1964;Spiegel,, 1964). Lesions strictly limited to the medulla can produce vertical nystagmus (O'Brien and Bender, 1945).…”