Role of Translocation of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns in Sepsis

Tsujimoto, Hironori; Ono, Satoshi; Mochizuki, Hidetaka

doi:10.1159/000206143

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 106 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In our study, gram-negative bacteraemia was observed in 19/55 (35%) of patients with an ЕАА < 0.6 and only in 11/26 (42%) of cases with an ЕАА ≥ 0.6, which may reflect the load from other sources, mainly the gut [12]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic value of endotoxin activity assay in patients with severe sepsis after cardiac surgery

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundTo evaluate the prognostic value of endotoxin activity assay (EAA) in adult patients with suspected or proven severe sepsis after cardiac surgeryMethodsBlood samples taken from 81 patients immediately after the diagnosis of severe sepsis were tested with the EAA. Patients were divided into 3 groups: low (<0.4, n = 20), moderate (0.4-0.59, n = 35) and high (≥0.6, n = 26) EAA levels.ResultsGram-negative bacteraemia was found in 19/55 (35%) of cases with ЕАА <0.6 and in 11/26 (42%) of cases with higher ЕАА, p = 0.67. Mortality at 28 days in Groups 1, 2 and 3 was 20%, 43% and 54%, respectively. Patients with an EAA higher than 0.65 had a higher 28-day mortality than those with lower EAA values (18/26 – 69% vs. 19/55 – 34.5%; p = 0.0072). ROC analysis for the prediction of 28-day mortality revealed an AUC for APACHE II scores, EAA and PCT of 0.81, 0.73 and 0.66, respectively.ConclusionsEАА might be useful for recognising patients who have an increased risk of mortality due to severe sepsis.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic value of endotoxin activity assay in patients with severe sepsis after cardiac surgery

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Whether bacterial translocation has any clinical importance in humans remains controversial [12,13], possibly due to the lack of accurate methods for confirming and monitoring the translocation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The renal cyst infection caused by Salmonella enteritidis in a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: how did this pathogen come into the renal cysts?

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A 40-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital for investigation of fever and right flank pain starting after watery diarrhea. Salmonella enteritidis was cultured from samples of stool and blood. Although his diarrhea subsided soon, high fever persisted and flank pain got worse. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed four areas of abnormal intensity in renal cysts and computed tomography showed the same findings. Renal cysts infection was diagnosed. After ultrasound-guided aspiration of these cysts, his fever subsided. Culture of each aspirate grew Salmonella enteritidis. Although the route of cyst infection in ADPKD generally remains unclear, the clinical course of our patient may indicate that gastrointestinal tract infection progressed to renal cyst infection when bacteremia occurred due to bacterial translocation.

show abstract

“…In addition to the translocation of MAMPs, viable bacteria can cross the gut endothelial barrier through a process known as bacterial translocation. Once considered a controversial topic, bacterial translocation is now a well-recognized phenomenon (44,45) . In individuals with a normal immune system, bacterial translocation is rare, but in disease states, gut inflammation can increase intestinal permeability allowing more bacteria to cross the endothelial barrier (46) .…”

Section: How the Gut Microbiome Affects Distant Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Links Between the Microbiome and Bone

Hernandez

Guss

Luna

et al. 2016

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

164

136

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The human microbiome has been shown to influence a number of chronic conditions associated with impaired bone mass and bone quality including obesity, diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease. The connection between the microbiome and bone health, however, has not been well studied. The few studies available demonstrate that the microbiome can have a large effect on bone remodeling and bone mass. The gut microbiome is the largest reservoir of microbial organisms in the body and consists of over a thousand different species interacting with one another in a stable dynamic equilibrium. How the microbiome can affect organs distant from the gut is not well understood, but is believed to occur through regulation of nutrition, regulation of the immune system and/or translocation of bacterial products across the gut endothelial barrier. Here we review each of these mechanisms and discuss their potential effect on bone remodeling and bone mass. We review how preclinical studies of bone-microbiome interactions are challenging because the microbiome is sensitive to genetic background, housing environment, and vendor source. Additionally, although the microbiome exhibits a robust response to external stimuli, it rapidly returns to its original steady state after a disturbance, making it difficult to sustain controlled changes in the microbiome over time periods required to detect alterations in bone remodeling, mass or structure. Despite these challenges, an understanding of the mechanisms by which the gut microbiome affects bone has the potential to provide insights into the dissociation between fracture risk and bone mineral density in patients including those with obesity, diabetes or inflammatory bowel disease. In addition, alteration of the gut microbiome has the potential to serve as a biomarker of bone metabolic activity as well as a target for therapies to improve bone structure and quality using pharmaceutical agents or pre- or probiotics.

show abstract

Role of Translocation of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns in Sepsis

Cited by 25 publications

References 106 publications

Prognostic value of endotoxin activity assay in patients with severe sepsis after cardiac surgery

Prognostic value of endotoxin activity assay in patients with severe sepsis after cardiac surgery

The renal cyst infection caused by Salmonella enteritidis in a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: how did this pathogen come into the renal cysts?

Links Between the Microbiome and Bone

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About