Role of Renin Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Kidney Homeostasis

Kant, Ravi; Gupta, Sneha; Kumra, Tanya; Rana, Rashmi; Ganguly, Nirmal Kumar

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-23621-1_13

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Numerous genes documented in the literature have highlighted the role of epigenetic alterations in modulating biological and molecular processes relevant to EH. For example, the stimulation of sympathetic activity and the activation of the RAS, leading to altered sodium reabsorption in the kidney, are significant contributors to EH ( 63 ). Several RAAS genes are frequently studied in the context of EH.…”

Section: Interaction Between Epigenetics and Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetics of hypertension as a risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Karabaeva,

Vochshenkova,

Mussin

et al. 2024

Front. Endocrinol.

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Hypertension, a multifaceted cardiovascular disorder influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, poses a significant risk for the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Epigenetic alterations, particularly in histone modifications, DNA methylation, and microRNAs, play a pivotal role in unraveling the complex molecular underpinnings of blood pressure regulation. This review emphasizes the crucial interplay between epigenetic attributes and hypertension, shedding light on the prominence of DNA methylation, both globally and at the gene-specific level, in essential hypertension. Additionally, histone modifications, including acetylation and methylation, emerge as essential epigenetic markers linked to hypertension. Furthermore, microRNAs exert regulatory influence on blood pressure homeostasis, targeting key genes within the aldosterone and renin-angiotensin pathways. Understanding the intricate crosstalk between genetics and epigenetics in hypertension is particularly pertinent in the context of its interaction with T2DM, where hypertension serves as a notable risk factor for the development of CAD. These findings not only contribute to the comprehensive elucidation of essential hypertension but also offer promising avenues for innovative strategies in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular complications, especially in the context of T2DM.

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Section: Interaction Between Epigenetics and Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetics of hypertension as a risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Karabaeva,

Vochshenkova,

Mussin

et al. 2024

Front. Endocrinol.

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show abstract

“…Angiotensin II also stimulate the sympathetic nervous system increasing the sympathetic activity which leads to excessive release of norepinephrine, enhancing vasoconstriction, and again elevates blood pressure. 77 , 78 Adipokines, the bioactive chemicals by adipose tissue is unbalanced in IR and with increased pro-inflammatory adipokine and decreased anti-inflammatory adipokine production along with other hormonal changes, development of hypertension is manifested. Adiponectin is an adipokine with anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties.…”

Section: Hypertension and Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Associated With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Mechanistic Insight

Chakraborty,

Verma,

Garg

et al. 2023

Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes

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A complex metabolic condition referred to as Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance (IR) and decreased insulin production. Obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and chronic inflammation are just a few of the cardiometabolic illnesses that people with T2DM are more likely to acquire and results in cardiovascular issues. It is essential to comprehend the mechanistic insights into these risk variables in order to prevent and manage cardiovascular problems in T2DM effectively. Impaired glycemic control leads to upregulation of De novo lipogenesis (DNL), promote hepatic triglyceride (TG) synthesis, worsening dyslipidemia that is accompanied by low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and high amounts of small, dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) further developing atherosclerosis. By causing endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation, chronic hyperglycemia worsens already existing cardiometabolic risk factors. Vasoconstriction, inflammation, and platelet aggregation are caused by endothelial dysfunction, which is characterized by decreased nitric oxide production, increased release of vasoconstrictors, proinflammatory cytokines, and adhesion molecules. The loop of IR and endothelial dysfunction is sustained by chronic inflammation fueled by inflammatory mediators produced in adipose tissue. Infiltrating inflammatory cells exacerbate inflammation and the development of plaque in the artery wall. In addition, the combination of chronic inflammation, dyslipidemia, and IR contributes to the emergence of hypertension, a prevalent comorbidity in T2DM. The ability to target therapies and management techniques is made possible by improvements in our knowledge of these mechanistic insights. Aim of present review is to enhance our current understanding of the mechanistic insights into the cardiometabolic risk factors related to T2DM provides important details into the interaction of pathophysiological processes resulting in cardiovascular problems. Understanding these pathways will enable us to create efficient plans for the prevention, detection, and treatment of cardiovascular problems in T2DM patients, ultimately leading to better overall health outcomes.

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Role of Renin Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Kidney Homeostasis

Cited by 2 publications

References 80 publications

Epigenetics of hypertension as a risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Epigenetics of hypertension as a risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Associated With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Mechanistic Insight

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