Role of Nutrition and Rehabilitation in the Prevention and Management of Sarcopenia and Frailty

Wakabayashi, Hidetaka

doi:10.1007/978-981-15-2365-6_8

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…To avoid or delay health decline associated to aging, appropriate nutritional intake is frequently an essential part of the solution. Whether in community dwellings or in long-term facilities, several factors can hinder food intake: psycho-social changes (loneliness, depression), financial stress, physiological changes in taste and smell, polypharmacy, impaired digestion/absorption of nutrients, mobility decline, as well as chronic diseases [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Furthermore, food intake could be affected by poor oral health, difficulty in chewing or swallowing—dysphagia—which has been associated to undernutrition [ 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is IDDSI an Evidence-Based Framework? A Relevant Question for the Frail Older Population

Côté

Giroux²,

Villeneuve-Rhéaume

et al. 2020

Geriatrics

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To delay impacts of aging, optimal nutritional status is essential. Several factors can reduce food intake, such as isolation, income, and cognitive/physical decline. Additionally, chewing and swallowing difficulties, or dysphagia, often disrupt the ability to consume life-long favorite dishes. Food and liquids could require modification of texture or consistency to ensure a comfortable or safe swallow. The food industry, foodservices facilities, and caregivers need quality control benchmarks to provide adequate nourishment and meet these new feeding challenges. The International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) is proposing the IDDSI framework and testing methods to describe food used in nutritional care plans to circumvent dysphagia and improve communication among caregivers. This systematic review assesses the validity and reliability of the IDDSI testing methods using the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN). Two publications presented content validity whereas 19 publications looked at construct validity or reliability for the IDDSI testing methods. One study was conducted in older adults presenting dysphagia. This review concludes that there is insufficient evidence to recommend the IDDSI testing methods. Further research, conducted with robust methodological design and reporting, is needed to develop and assess nutritious adapted food for frail older populations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is IDDSI an Evidence-Based Framework? A Relevant Question for the Frail Older Population

Côté

Giroux²,

Villeneuve-Rhéaume

et al. 2020

Geriatrics

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“…However, most older adults do not perform resistance exercise training 13 , and even among those that do there is a large degree of between person variability in the strength response observed 14,15 . Optimized nutrition has been suggested by many to offer potential bene ts for aging [16][17][18][19][20][21] , and studies have suggested that a ketogenic diet (KD) may improve muscle performance and maintenance in the context of both sarcopenia 22 and cachexia 23 . The KD is characterized by high fat intake (60-90%), modest protein intake (10-20%), and very low carbohydrate intake (5-10%, usually < 50 g/day) of the total energy content of the diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketogenic Diet Improves Motor Function and Motor Unit Connectivity in Aged C57BL/6 Mice

Padilla,

Harris,

Volek

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Objective Pathological, age-related loss of muscle function, commonly referred to as sarcopenia, contributes to loss of mobility, impaired independence, as well as increased risk of adverse health events. Sarcopenia has been attributed to changes in both neural and muscular integrity during aging. Current treatment options are primarily limited to exercise and dietary protein fortification, but the therapeutic impact of these approaches are often inadequate. Prior work has suggested that a ketogenic diet (KD) might improve healthspan and lifespan in aging mice. Thus, we sought to investigate the effects of a KD on neuromuscular indices of sarcopenia in aged C57BL/6 mice. Design: A randomized, controlled pre-clinical experiment consisting of longitudinal assessments performed starting at 22-months of age (baseline) as well as 2, 6 and 10 weeks after the start of a KD vs. regular chow intervention. Setting: Preclinical laboratory study. Sample size: Thirty-six 22-month-old mice were randomized into 2 dietary groups: KD [n = 22 (13 female and 9 male)], and regular chow [n = 15 (7 female and 8 male)]. Measurements: Measures included body mass, hindlimb and all limb grip strength, rotarod for motor performance, plantarflexion muscle contractility, motor unit number estimations (MUNE), and repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) as an index of neuromuscular junction transmission efficacy recorded from the gastrocnemius muscle. At end point, blood samples were collected to assess blood beta-hydroxybutyrate levels. Statistical Analysis: Two-way ANOVA mixed-effects analysis (time x diet) were performed to analyze grip, rotarod, MUNE, and muscle contractility data. Results Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) was significantly higher at 10 weeks in mice on a KD vs control group (0.83 ± 0.44 mmol/l versus 0.42 ± 0.21 mmol/l, η2 = 0.265, unpaired t-test, p = 0.0060). Mice on the KD intervention demonstrated significantly increased hindlimb grip strength (time x diet, p = 0.0030), all limb grip strength (time x diet, p = 0.0523), and rotarod latency to fall (time x diet, p = 0.0021). Mice treated with the KD intervention also demonstrated significantly greater MUNE (time x diet, p = 0.0064), but no difference in muscle contractility (time x diet, p = 0.5836) or RNS (time x diet, p = 0.9871). Conclusion KD intervention improved neuromuscular and motor function in aged mice. This pre-clinical work suggests that further research is needed to assess the efficacy and physiological effects of a KD on indices of sarcopenia.

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Malnutrition, Dysphagia, Sarcopenia and Weakness in the Older Population: A Retrospective Review to Enlighten Future Directions for Health System Best Practices

Hernandez,

Feldman,

Perez-Abalo

2023

Dysphagia

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Role of Nutrition and Rehabilitation in the Prevention and Management of Sarcopenia and Frailty

Cited by 4 publications

References 86 publications

Is IDDSI an Evidence-Based Framework? A Relevant Question for the Frail Older Population

Is IDDSI an Evidence-Based Framework? A Relevant Question for the Frail Older Population

Ketogenic Diet Improves Motor Function and Motor Unit Connectivity in Aged C57BL/6 Mice

Malnutrition, Dysphagia, Sarcopenia and Weakness in the Older Population: A Retrospective Review to Enlighten Future Directions for Health System Best Practices

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