Role of Nitric Oxide in Neurodegeneration: Function, Regulation, and Inhibition

Tewari, Devesh; Sah, Archana N.; Bawari, Sweta; Nabavi, Seyed Fazel; Dehpour, Ahmad Reza; Shirooie, Samira; Braidy, Nady; Fiebich, Bernd L.; Vacca, Rosa Anna

doi:10.2174/1570159x18666200429001549

Cited by 80 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…To date, the presence of NO has been reported in numerous nervous structures in both the central and peripheral nervous systems [ 4 ]. In the light of the previous studies, it is known that NO may play a variety of functions within the nervous system both in physiological conditions and under the impact of pathological factors and largely depends on the part of the nervous system and the organs supplied by it [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Bisphenol a on the Nitrergic Nervous Structures in the Domestic Porcine Uterus

Rytel

Gonkowski

2020

IJMS

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Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most common environmental pollutants among endocrine disruptors. Due to its similarity to estrogen, BPA may affect estrogen receptors and show adverse effects on many internal organs. The reproductive system is particularly vulnerable to the impact of BPA, but knowledge about BPA-induced changes in the innervation of the uterus is relatively scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influence of various doses of BPA on nitrergic nerves supplying the uterus with the double immunofluorescence method. It has been shown that even low doses of BPA caused an increase in the number of nitrergic nerves in the uterine wall and changed their neurochemical characterization. During the present study, changes in the number of nitrergic nerves simultaneously immunoreactive to substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide, and/or cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript were found under the influence of BPA. The obtained results strongly suggest that nitrergic nerves in the uterine wall participate in adaptive and/or protective processes aimed at homeostasis maintenance in the uterine activity under the impact of BPA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Bisphenol a on the Nitrergic Nervous Structures in the Domestic Porcine Uterus

Rytel

Gonkowski

2020

IJMS

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“…ROS in the brain are involved in the development of oxidative neuronal damage and progression of neurodegenerative diseases ( 43 , 44 ). In addition, high amounts of NO produced by iNOS in activated microglial cells are considered to cause neuronal cell damage and lead to neurodegeneration ( 45 , 46 ), because neurons are notably sensitive to NO-induced cell death ( 47 ). Furthermore, NO reacts with superoxide to produce peroxynitrite, which is a powerful oxidant and a potent inducer of cell death ( 48 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginsenoside Re exhibits neuroprotective effects by inhibiting neuroinflammation via CAMK/MAPK/NF‑κB signaling in microglia

et al. 2021

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Ginsenoside re (G-re) is a panaxatriol saponin and one of the pharmacologically active natural constituents of ginseng (Panax ginseng c.a. Meyer). G-re has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of G-Re on neuroinflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide (lPS)-stimulated microglia and its protective effects on hippocampal neurons. cytokine levels were measured using eliSa and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Protein levels of inflammatory molecules and kinase activity were assessed by western blotting. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay; apoptosis was estimated by Annexin V apoptosis assay. The results revealed that G-Re significantly inhibited the production of IL-6, TNF-α, nitric oxide (NO) and ROS in BV2 microglial cells, and that of NO in mouse primary microglia, without affecting cell viability. G-Re also inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and phosphorylation and degradation of iκB-α. in addition, G-re dose-dependently suppressed lPS-mediated phosphorylation of ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (caMK)2, caMK4, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erK) and c-Jun n-terminal kinases (JnK). Moreover, the conditioned medium from lPS-stimulated microglial cells induced HT22 hippocampal neuronal cell death, whereas that from microglial cells incubated with both LPS and G-Re ameliorated HT22 cell death in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that G-re suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory mediators by blocking CAMK/erK/JnK/NF-κB signaling in microglial cells and protected hippocampal cells by reducing these inflammatory and neurotoxic factors released from microglial cells. The present findings indicated that G-re may be a potential treatment option for neuroinflammatory disorders and could have therapeutic potential for various neurodegenerative diseases.

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“…NO can affect most of human body systems, but the effect varies with the concentration. [ 144 ] for example, NO physiologically affects the CNS by regulating cerebral blood flow, inhibiting apoptosis through nitrosylation of caspase‐3, and acting as a neurotransmitter. [ 145 ] The metabolic fate of NO makes a further series of compounds, RNS.…”

Section: Therapeutic Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic Nanoparticles Applied as Functional Therapeutics

Liu¹,

Kim

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) offer significant advantages to the biomedical field owing to their large surface area, controllable structures, diverse surface chemistry, and unique optical and physical properties. Researchers worldwide have shown that inorganic NPs and the released metal ions can act as therapeutic agents in targeted tissues or to cure various diseases without acute toxicity. In this progress report, the recent developments in inorganic NPs with different compositions directly used as therapeutics are discussed. First, the recent convergence of nanotechnology and biotechnology in biomedical applications as well as the unique functions, features, and advantages of inorganic NPs in biomedical applications are summarized. Thereafter, the biological effects of inorganic compositions in NPs which include balancing the intracellular redox environment, regulating the specific cellular signaling and cellular behaviors, and apoptosis are explained. In addition, the emerging therapeutic applications of inorganic NPs in various diseases are exemplified. Finally, the perspectives and challenges for overcoming the weaknesses of inorganic NPs as therapeutics are discussed. By carefully considering and investigating the biological effects of inorganic NPs and metal ions released from NPs, more promising inorganic NPs based therapeutic agents can be developed.

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Role of Nitric Oxide in Neurodegeneration: Function, Regulation, and Inhibition

Cited by 80 publications

References 167 publications

The Influence of Bisphenol a on the Nitrergic Nervous Structures in the Domestic Porcine Uterus

The Influence of Bisphenol a on the Nitrergic Nervous Structures in the Domestic Porcine Uterus

Ginsenoside Re exhibits neuroprotective effects by inhibiting neuroinflammation via CAMK/MAPK/NF‑κB signaling in microglia

Inorganic Nanoparticles Applied as Functional Therapeutics

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