Role of Neutrophils in Systemic Vasculitides

Michailidou, Despina; Mustelin, Tomas; Lood, Christian

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.619705

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 119 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…Thus, patients with systemic connective tissue diseases with cryoglobulinemic syndrome showed the tendency to reducing idiopathic and initiated absorbing capacity of neutrophils and its statistical reduction among monocytes against the statistically high idiopathic and initiated oxidative activity of neutrophils as compared to patients with the normal cryoglobulinemic level [9].…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

Immune-Related Mechanisms, Molecular and Genetic Characteristics of Patients With the Systemic Connective Tissue Diseases With Cryoglobulinemic Syndrome

Lishchuk-Yakymovych

Hayduchok

Іщейкін

et al. 2021

PSSS MS

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Introduction: Cryoglobulinemic syndrome (CGS) is an immune-related process caused by cryoglobulins composition in the blood in small or medium vessels. Most frequently, CGS is triggered by lymphotropic viruses, immune-related and oncological diseases. Objectives: Studying the immune-related mechanisms, molecular and genetic characteristics of patients with systemic autoimmune diseases (SAD) against the cryoglobulinemic syndrome. Methods: Among 380 patients with SAD, in 94 (57.6%) progressing chronic EBV-infection was diagnosed, and 22.1% of patients were diagnosed with progressing chronic HSV 1/2-infection based on DNA virus identification through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in three biological media (blood, saliva, mucus membrane scraping). Results: Analysis of the cryoglobulins in such patients showed that CGS was diagnosed in 118 (31.1%) patients with the mean concentration of CG1.68±0.33 g/l at a rate of 0.48 ±0.10g/l. The patients with the systemic connective tissue diseases with CGS demonstrated statistically lower miR-146а expression which resulted in the abnormal production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the highest TLR9 expression on monocytes, slightly lower on lymphocytes, and the lowest on granulocytes; the increase in the relative amount of cytolytic T-lymphocytes, IL2 receptor lymphocytes, activated CD HLA DR+-lymphocytes against the reduction of NK-cells and regulatory suppressor CD4+/25+-cells was observed. The idiopathic and initiated oxidative monocyte capacity in CGS patients distinctly tended to increase, as compared to patients without CGS and normal individuals. Conclusions. Cryoglobulins may act as the so-called bridge between viral infections and the autoimmune processes. CGS was diagnosed in 31.1% of patients. Despite a substantial number of studies dedicated to the cryoglobulinemic syndrome, the peculiarities of the immune reaction of such patients need further research, since they create the risks of secondary vasculitis against SAD

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confidence: 90%

Immune-Related Mechanisms, Molecular and Genetic Characteristics of Patients With the Systemic Connective Tissue Diseases With Cryoglobulinemic Syndrome

Lishchuk-Yakymovych

Hayduchok

Іщейкін

et al. 2021

PSSS MS

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“…NETs consist of extruded cell-free DNA (CfDNA) decorated with histones and granular components that include antimicrobial peptides and proteases. Molecular pathways leading to NETosis include calcium mobilization, generation of ROS, nuclear delobulation involving the enzymatic activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase, and chromatin modification through citrullination of histones by peptidyl arginine deiminase (PAD)-4 (58,59).…”

Section: Immunological Etiology Neutrophil Mediated Mechanism Of Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…BS patients have been shown to be more prone to NETosis than healthy controls (64,65), and the role of NETs in BS has been mainly implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular manifestations (58,66,67).…”

Section: Immunological Etiology Neutrophil Mediated Mechanism Of Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Behçet's Syndrome: Genetic, Environmental and Immunological Factors

et al. 2021

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Behçet's syndrome (BS) is a rare systemic vasculitis, characterized by a wide range of different clinical involvements and unpredictable phases of recurrence and remission. BS can be described as a multifactorial disease with an incompletely known etiopathogenesis; in fact, though presenting some peculiar features, such as its typical geographic distribution and the strong association with the well-known genetic predisposing factor HLA-B*51, the cause behind the onset and progression of the disease remains currently not fully understood. Besides genetic HLA and non-HLA predisposing associations and epigenetic influence, environmental factors also play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease, and among these, infectious agents (both bacterial and viral) and specific microbiome alterations are considered of particular relevance in BS pathogenesis. BS has been included for decades among autoimmune diseases, in light of evidence showing T- and B-cell aberrant responses. However, because of recurrent mucocutaneous lesions and episodes of inflammation without antigen-specific T-cell or autoantibody responses, BS has also been classified among autoinflammatory disorders. Nevertheless, differently from autoinflammatory diseases, BS mildly responds to therapies targeting IL-1, its onset is not usually in childhood, and has high neutrophilic vasculitic involvement. Finally, given the association with HLA class I alleles, similar to spondyloarthropathies, the concept of BS as a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I -opathy has been introduced. Understanding the complex etiopathogenesis of BS is essential to identify modifiable risk factors of BS occurrence or exacerbation and to develop targeted therapies. This review summarizes current evidence on the main genetic, environmental and immunological factors contributing to BS development.

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“…Unilateral biopsy of a 1.5-3 cm long segment has a sensitivity of 85-90%, the excision of a temporal artery segment of at least 1 cm being mandatory. Temporal artery biopsy may confirm a clinical diagnosis or is a diagnostic criterion (18)(19)(20).…”

Section: Positive Diagnosis In Gcamentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of temporal artery resection in Horton's arteritis (Review)

et al. 2021

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Horton's arteritis is found in the literature under various names, such as temporal arteritis, Horton's disease senile arteritis, granulomatous arteritis or giant cell arteritis (GCA). The pathogenic mechanism is the result of an inflammatory cascade triggered by a still unknown factor that causes dendritic cells in vessels to recruit T cells and macrophages, which form granulomatous infiltrates. The clinical picture consists of a daily headache with temporal localization, with moderate to severe intensity, unilateral or bilateral, with a history of months, years. Other changes may include pain in the cheek or tongue during chewing (claudication), weight loss, generalized fatigue, low-grade fever, and frequent pain in the limbs, in the context of coexisting rheumatic polymyalgia. Visual symptoms represent a special category, involving blurred vision, scotomas, and even sudden blindness. Histopathological examination of the temporal artery biopsy reveals focal thickening of the intima, with interruption of the lamina propria, with transmural inflammatory infiltrates, sometimes with multinucleated giant cells. In this article, we aim to review the role of temporal artery resection in the diagnosis of Horton's arteritis, but we also discuss the hypothesis of a potential therapeutic benefit of this procedure. However, there are also clinical situations in which there has been a considerable improvement in clinical symptoms and especially in vision deficit, with the improvement of the visual field after surgery performed for biopsy. It is difficult to estimate the influence of temporal artery resection alone, given that most patients also have concomitant cortisone treatment. However, in some cases, the rapid improvement of symptoms immediately after surgery, with the improvement of visual acuity and visual field, along with the disappearance of the headaches, can create the premises for future studies on a therapeutic contribution of temporal artery resection in GCA. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Pathogenesis of Horton's arteritis 3. Clinical picture of temporal GCA 4. Positive diagnosis in GCA 5. Principles of treatment in Horton's arteritis 6. Resection of the temporal artery in Horton's arteritis 7. Conclusions

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Role of Neutrophils in Systemic Vasculitides

Cited by 28 publications

References 119 publications

Immune-Related Mechanisms, Molecular and Genetic Characteristics of Patients With the Systemic Connective Tissue Diseases With Cryoglobulinemic Syndrome

Immune-Related Mechanisms, Molecular and Genetic Characteristics of Patients With the Systemic Connective Tissue Diseases With Cryoglobulinemic Syndrome

Pathogenesis of Behçet's Syndrome: Genetic, Environmental and Immunological Factors

Role of temporal artery resection in Horton's arteritis (Review)

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