Role of Information Anxiety and Information Load on Processing of Prescription Drug Information Leaflets

Abstract

In this study, we evaluate the role of information anxiety and information load on the intention to read information from prescription drug information leaflets (PILs). These PILs were developed based on the principals of information load and consumer information processing. This was an experimental prospective repeated measures study conducted in the United States where 360 (62% response rate) university students (>18 years old) participated. Participants were presented with a scenario followed by exposure to the three drug product information sources used to operationalize information load. The three sources were: (i) current practice; (ii) pre-existing one-page text only; and (iii) interventional one-page prototype PILs designed for the study. Information anxiety was measured as anxiety experienced by the individual when encountering information. The outcome variable of intention to read PILs was defined as the likelihood that the patient will read the information provided in the leaflets. A survey questionnaire was used to capture the data and the objectives were analyzed by performing a repeated measures MANOVA using SAS version 9.3. When compared to current practice and one-page text only leaflets, one-page PILs had significantly lower scores on information anxiety (p < 0.001) and information load (p < 0.001). The intention to read was highest and significantly different (p < 0.001) for PILs as compared to current practice or text only leaflets. Information anxiety and information load significantly impacted intention to read (p < 0.001). Newly developed PILs increased patient’s intention to read and can help in improving the counseling services provided by pharmacists.

Similarity Effect and Purchase Behavior of Organic Food Under the Mediating Role of Perceived Values in the Context of COVID-19

“…As time goes on, consumers may have information anxiety in common. And Shweta et al (2017) confirmed that people often contact with massive certain information, and over time, people would find that they have common information anxiety characteristics. Ruiz Mafé and Sanz Blas (2006) found that the information that consumers are exposed to through various information channels can affect their perceived values and behavior.…”

“…The items used a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "1 = strongly disagree" to "5 = strongly agree" (see Appendix A). Five items of information anxiety were adapted from Zung (1971) and Shweta et al (2017); four items of uncertainty were adapted from Kushwah et al (2019b); four items of sustainable consumption attitude were adapted from Arvola et al (2008) and Dean et al (2012); seven items of functional value were adapted Kushwah et al (2019a) and Akbar et al (2019); three items of health value were adapted from Rahnama (2016); four items of environmental value were adapted from Biswas and Roy (2015); and the three items of purchase behavior were adapted from Michaelidou and Hassan (2008) and Singh and Verma (2017).…”

<p>Knowledge And Attitudes Of Pharmacy Students Towards Pharmacogenomics Among Universities In Jordan And West Bank Of Palestine</p>

“…The survey consisted of 30 close-ended questions with answers of yes/no/I am not sure, categorized into four parts: (i) demographic characteristics of the student; (ii) basic and clinical PGx knowledge; (iii) exposure to PGx education; (iv) attitudes towards PGx. Some of these questions were adopted from similar studies that were undertaken in the USA,21 Zimbabwe22 and Bosnia and Herzegovina,12 with some modifications being made to make the questionnaire easier to understand by pharmacy students. In addition, we developed other questions which could help assessment of PGx knowledge, such as exposure to PGx education and PGx knowledge.…”

From information seeking to information avoidance: Understanding the health information behavior during a global health crisis

“…For example, ( Lee, Kim & Koh, 2016 b) found that the level of attention to news through social media was significantly associated with the perceived news information overload which further was related to psychological stress and negative emotion (anxiety). In the context of health information, consumer's engagement with multiple information sources increases the likelihood of information overload and information anxiety ( Bapat, Patel, & Sansgiry, 2017 ). Therefore, it is assumed that the frequency of different information sources exposure is a stimulus that directly affects the individual's state of information anxiety in the COVID-19 context as well, and the following possible relationships are proposed: H3a: Individuals who report more frequent 'Personal Network' sources exposure will perceive a higher level of information anxiety H3b: Individuals who report more frequent 'Mass Media' sources exposure will perceive a higher level of information anxiety H3c: Individuals who report more frequent 'Print Media' sources exposure will perceive a higher level of information anxiety H3d: Individuals who report more frequent 'Social Media' sources exposure will perceive a higher level of information anxiety H3e: Individuals who report more frequent 'Other Internet Sources' exposure will perceive a higher level of information anxiety …”