Role of imaging biomarkers in mutation-driven non-small cell lung cancer

Mendoza, Dexter P.; Piotrowska, Zofia; Lennerz, Jochen K.; Digumarthy, Subba R.

doi:10.5306/wjco.v11.i7.412

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…In a parallel vein, Zhou et al [133] found that when radiomic features are amalgamated with machine learning methodologies, there is a powerful discriminatory capacity to distinguish between primary lung lesions and metastatic lung lesions in the brain. Intriguingly, emerging datasets also indicate that NSCLCs harboring different targetable oncogenic driver mutations (e.g., ALK) present unique imaging features, both in the primary tumor and in metastatic tumors [134,135]. Specifically, the utility of contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (CET1W) images in predicting EGFR mutation status in small-sized brain metastases (<10 mm) from lung cancer has been highlighted [136].…”

Section: Imaging Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Molecular Tumor Microenvironment and Translational Biomarkers in Brain Metastases of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Wen,

Yu,

Liu

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Brain metastases represent a significant clinical challenge in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), often leading to a severe decline in patient prognosis and survival. Recent advances in imaging and systemic treatments have increased the detection rates of brain metastases, yet clinical outcomes remain dismal due to the complexity of the metastatic tumor microenvironment (TME) and the lack of specific biomarkers for early detection and targeted therapy. The intricate interplay between NSCLC tumor cells and the surrounding TME in brain metastases is pivotal, influencing tumor progression, immune evasion, and response to therapy. This underscores the necessity for a deeper understanding of the molecular underpinnings of brain metastases, tumor microenvironment, and the identification of actionable biomarkers that can inform multimodal treatment approaches. The goal of this review is to synthesize current insights into the TME and elucidate molecular mechanisms in NSCLC brain metastases. Furthermore, we will explore the promising horizon of emerging biomarkers, both tissue- and liquid-based, that hold the potential to radically transform the treatment strategies and the enhancement of patient outcomes.

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Section: Imaging Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Molecular Tumor Microenvironment and Translational Biomarkers in Brain Metastases of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Wen,

Yu,

Liu

et al. 2024

IJMS

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“…Molecular markers have become increasingly important in the era of personalized medicine (67). Lung cancers with certain biomarkers have been found to respond favorably to targeted therapies, thereby directing treatment strategies (68). However, biomarker profiles and targeted therapies are beyond the scope of this chapter as they play a lesser role in the management of small lung nodules, most of which will be surgically treated.…”

Section: Biomarkers and Personalized Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

The radiologist’s role in pathologic diagnosis of small lung nodules: radiographic methods of tissue acquisition

Cham¹,

Henschke²,

Yankelevitz³

2022

Curr Chall Thorac Surg

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Over the past decade, chest computed tomography (CT) utilization has steadily increased in conjunction with lung cancer CT screening. As a result, small lung nodules have become an increasingly common finding. CT guided lung biopsy plays a pivotal role in the sampling of these small lung nodules and the subsequent diagnosis of lung cancer. The success of lung biopsies has a substantial downstream impact on diagnosis and treatment planning. It is well-recognized that the efficacy of lung biopsy is both operator-dependent and patient-dependent. Several considerations are necessary for the safe and successful performance of CT-guided lung biopsy. A familiarity with biopsy contraindications and their management can drastically reduce serious complications, such as intractable hemorrhage. Conscientious patient preparation and empathic communication are essential for reducing patient anxiety while increasing patient tolerance for the procedure and its common complications. Strategic and precise nodule-targeting techniques are crucial for obtaining adequate tissue and for improving diagnostic accuracy. On-site cytologic assessment is a powerful tool that can further boost diagnostic yield while also reducing complication rates by eliminating the need for additional biopsy attempts. Vigilant observation and careful assessment throughout the procedure are key factors in the effective mitigation of the most frequently encountered complications.As personalized medicine plays an increasingly integral part in the diagnosis and treatment of early-stage lung cancers, coordination between radiologists, clinicians, pathologists, and the patient becomes especially important.

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“…Imaging can also be used to detect lung cancer specific features within the tumor and metastatic patterns which are correlated to the common driver mutations [5]. While there is not enough evidence for imaging biomarkers to be used on their own for prognostic or therapeutic purposes, they may be useful in localizing tumor tissue during intervention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Markers in Guiding Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

Li¹,

Vigneswaran²

2022

JOMH

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Background: Lung cancer has the highest mortality rates and one of the lowest 5-year survival rates amongst cancer types in the world. Although there are constant advancements in treatment, the overall prognosis for lung cancer continues to be poor. In order to achieve early detection and personalized targeted treatment, an effective method is needed to make prognostic and treatment decisions. Methods: A thorough literature search was conducted to identify tumor tissue, blood, and expired breath markers that have been discovered in lung cancer. Articles were chosen by determining main markers holding promise for future clinical use. Results: Data suggests significance in using tumor tissue markers as promising diagnostic, prognostic and predictive of treatment response and outcome. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) and ROS-1 biomarkers can be used to decide to treat with EGFR-TKI and ALK-TKI, respectively. KRAS and p53 mutations suggest a likelihood of developing EGFR-TKI resistance. And c-MET is showing pertinence in predicting disease recurrence. Blood and expired breath markers are two more novel sources for biomarkers that is gaining more ground in lung cancer research. Circulating tumor cells (CTC) and DNA (ctDNA) were shown to be important markers in lung cancer prognosis and treatment response prediction. Circulating tumor cells suggest negative prognosis and increased likelihood of recurrence, while ctDNA data indicates use in treatment monitoring to help make decisions without keeping patients on disagreeable therapies. Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are the least studied, but investigators have noticed changes in VOC profiles between healthy and lung cancer patients. Blood and expired breath markers continue to be studied as these would be a welcome alternative to invasive biopsies. Recently there had been interest in using specific tumor biomarkers for imaging to localize tumors and determine disease progression. Conclusions: Years of research have elucidated multiple candidates as biomarkers found in tumor tissues, circulation, and even in exhaled air. Although more studies need to be performed on some markers mentioned in this review, such as EGFR, KRAS, ALK, and ROS-1, there is enough evidence for some use of these biomarkers to guide decisions in clinic, as well as evidence for promising future developments.

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Role of imaging biomarkers in mutation-driven non-small cell lung cancer

Cited by 6 publications

References 96 publications

Exploring the Molecular Tumor Microenvironment and Translational Biomarkers in Brain Metastases of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Exploring the Molecular Tumor Microenvironment and Translational Biomarkers in Brain Metastases of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

The radiologist’s role in pathologic diagnosis of small lung nodules: radiographic methods of tissue acquisition

Molecular Markers in Guiding Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

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