Role of genetically engineered animals in future food production

Ka, McColl; Clarke, Brian; Doran, Timothy

doi:10.1111/avj.12024

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Furthermore the scorched earth approach of slaughtering all exposed individuals is also becoming more and more unacceptable to the public. Poultry that have been genetically engineered to eliminate their susceptibility to avian influenza offer an alternative humane method of risk minimisation (McColl et al 2013). These genetically modified birds are unlikely to become the dominant production animal, however they could provide valuable exclusion zones and create disease free boundaries slowing and restricting the transmission of avian influenza.…”

Section: Health and Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They could also improve the safety and viability of combined pig/chicken production systems. Strains of pigs and poultry that are resistant to salmonella are also currently being developed (McColl et al 2013). Livestock which provide significant public health benefits are more likely to be encouraged and subsidised by governments and regulating authorities than by consumer demand.…”

Section: Health and Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While no major infrastructure investment is necessary for the farming of most of the currently feasible genetically modified livestock, once the new organism is developed, the major cost involved in this form of artificial meat production is the dissemination of the new desired genetic material within the population. Artificially produced sires and dams are an expensive initial cost and the transfer rate of the new genetics and, more importantly, phenotypes to future generations is still low (McColl et al 2013).…”

Section: Market Acceptabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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What is artificial meat and what does it mean for the future of the meat industry?

Bonny

Gardner

Pethick

et al. 2015

Journal of Integrative Agriculture

147

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The meat industry cannot respond to increases in demand by ever increasing resource use, as had occurred during the industrial revolution. The industry must find solutions to issues regarding animal welfare, health and sustainability and will have to do so in the face of competition from emerging non-traditional meat and protein products in an increasingly complex regulatory environment. These novel meat and protein products, otherwise known as 'artificial meat' are utilising ground breaking technologies designed to meet the issues facing the conventional meat industry. These artificial meats, in vitro or cultured meat and meat from genetically modified organisms have no real capacity to compete with conventional meat production in the present environment. However meat replacements manufactured from plant proteins and mycoproteins are currently the biggest competitors in the market and are gaining a small percentage of the market. Manufactured meats may push conventional meat into the premium end of the market, and supply the bulk, cheap end of the market if conventional meat products become more expensive and the palatability and versatility of manufactured meats improve. In time the technology for other artificial meats such as meat from genetic modified organisms or cultured meat may become sufficiently developed for these products to enter the market add to the complexity of the competition between meat products. Conventional meat producers can assimilate agroecology ecology concepts in order to develop sustainable animal production systems. The conventional meat industry can also benefit from assimilating biotechnologies such as cloning and genetic modification technologies, using the technology to adapt to the changing environment and respond to the increasing competition from artificial meats. Although it will depend at least in part on the evolution of conventional meat production, the future of artificial meat produced from stem cells appears uncertain at this time. Key words:Artificial meat; In vitro meat; Meat industry; consumer satisfaction; sustainable production Introduction:

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Section: Health and Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Health and Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Market Acceptabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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What is artificial meat and what does it mean for the future of the meat industry?

Bonny

Gardner

Pethick

et al. 2015

Journal of Integrative Agriculture

147

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“…While GMO and the science supporting it have been controversial (Devos et al, 2008;Waltz, 2009;Bawa & Anilakumar, 2013), genetic modification has provided pest, herbicide and drought resilient crop varieties (Morris, 2011;Vencill et al, 2012). Although only on the cusp of commercial availability, genetically modified laboratory science has enhanced the genetic improvement of livestock with an aim to further increasing productive output, taste and resistance to disease (Wheeler et al, 2003;McColl et al, 2013;Laible et al, 2015). The use of GMO supports production efficiency by reducing costs and increasing yields.…”

Section: Industrial Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

The Characteristics of Five Food Production Systems and Their Implications for Sustainable Landscapes

Burdock¹,

Ampt²

2018

JAS

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This paper presents a classification of agricultural production systems that we believe characterises the complex interface between agriculture and the landscapes in which they are managed. Farmers have a choice about how they will manage their land, either to exclude inherent environmental complexity or to engage with it, mindful of risks associated with their approach. Adding to this complexity is the interplay between key natural, social, human, physical and financial resources in agricultural systems, highlighting the importance of extending sustainability principles to aspects of ecology, economics and culture. Decisions about agricultural systems hinge on a balance of productive outcomes, on sensitivity to the issues of environmental complexity, on economic grounds including the access to resources, and the socio-cultural needs of the community in which the farmer participates. Further, farm managers will make a choice that both satisfies and suffices (satisfices) against production, ecological efficiencies and resilience outcomes when choosing which food production system to adopt. In this paper, these complexities are analysed against five different agricultural systems on an ecological continuum; from biologically simple industrial systems that minimise interaction with the natural environment, to ecologically complex systems that are closely engaged with their environment. Production viability is a necessary consideration to maintain farming operations but is not sufficient if operational capacity is to be achieved in the long term. This analysis finds that it is also necessary to work with ecological, economic and social complexities, satisficing against productivity, ecological efficiency and inherit system resilience. No one particular farming systems is appropriate in all cases. The farmer's choice may apply a mix of the five different agricultural systems described, allowing for the blending of these attributes in order to sustain rural landscapes.

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“…These systems such as transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) and CRISPR/Cas9 have already been used for the precision editing of livestock genomes [71,72]. Collectively these technologies have the potential to revolutionise the development of transgenics for livestock applications for various traits including disease resistance [73].…”

Section: Genomic Editingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the molecular basis of disease is crucial to improving the design and construction of herpesviral vectors for veterinary vaccines

Mahony

2015

Vaccine

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Role of genetically engineered animals in future food production

Cited by 14 publications

References 47 publications

What is artificial meat and what does it mean for the future of the meat industry?

What is artificial meat and what does it mean for the future of the meat industry?

The Characteristics of Five Food Production Systems and Their Implications for Sustainable Landscapes

Understanding the molecular basis of disease is crucial to improving the design and construction of herpesviral vectors for veterinary vaccines

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