Rodent Models to Analyze the Glioma Microenvironment

Hetze, Susann; Sure, Ulrich; Schedlowski, Manfred; Hadamitzky, Martin; Barthel, Lennart

doi:10.1177/17590914211005074

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…By contrast, patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (PDOXs) are created by implanting tumor tissue or cells from a patient into a mouse in the same anatomic location in order to further emulate the tumor microenvironment. The major disadvantages of rodent models are the differences in physiological parameters compared with humans, the lower complexity of the tumor microenvironment, and the rapid clearance of drugs from the body due to fast liver metabolism [32][33][34][35][36]. In addition to that, they are also time-consuming and expensive to develop and cannot be shared among scientists, and perhaps most significantly, they require immunocompromised animals for developing patient-derived xenograft models [37,38].…”

Section: In Vivo Models For Pediatric Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zebrafish—A Suitable Model for Rapid Translation of Effective Therapies for Pediatric Cancers

Roy,

Subramaniam,

Chong

et al. 2024

Cancers

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Pediatric cancers are the leading cause of disease-related deaths in children and adolescents. Most of these tumors are difficult to treat and have poor overall survival. Concerns have also been raised about drug toxicity and long-term detrimental side effects of therapies. In this review, we discuss the advantages and unique attributes of zebrafish as pediatric cancer models and their importance in targeted drug discovery and toxicity assays. We have also placed a special focus on zebrafish models of pediatric brain cancers—the most common and difficult solid tumor to treat.

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Section: In Vivo Models For Pediatric Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zebrafish—A Suitable Model for Rapid Translation of Effective Therapies for Pediatric Cancers

Roy,

Subramaniam,

Chong

et al. 2024

Cancers

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“…CAR T cells can be significantly modified using contemporary genetic technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 in order to increase their therapeutic efficacy, persistence, and safety. Majority of glioma models employ immunosuppressed mice, which do not accurately replicate the tumor microenvironment to detect CAR T cell responses [ 191 ]. For the effective development of manipulation tactics, a deeper comprehension of the CNS environment in which CAR T cells function is important.…”

Section: Perspectives and Critical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

CAR T cells: engineered immune cells to treat brain cancers and beyond

et al. 2023

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Malignant brain tumors rank among the most challenging type of malignancies to manage. The current treatment protocol commonly entails surgery followed by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, however, the median patient survival rate is poor. Recent developments in immunotherapy for a variety of tumor types spark optimism that immunological strategies may help patients with brain cancer. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells exploit the tumor-targeting specificity of antibodies or receptor ligands to direct the cytolytic capacity of T cells. Several molecules have been discovered as potential targets for immunotherapy-based targeting, including but not limited to EGFRvIII, IL13Rα2, and HER2. The outstanding clinical responses to CAR T cell-based treatments in patients with hematological malignancies have generated interest in using this approach to treat solid tumors. Research results to date support the astounding clinical response rates of CD19-targeted CAR T cells, early clinical experiences in brain tumors demonstrating safety and evidence for disease-modifying activity, and the promise for further advances to ultimately assist patients clinically. However, several variable factors seem to slow down the progress rate regarding treating brain cancers utilizing CAR T cells. The current study offers a thorough analysis of CAR T cells’ promise in treating brain cancer, including design and delivery considerations, current strides in clinical and preclinical research, issues encountered, and potential solutions.

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“…Another major limitation includes the time the tissue is obtained (at diagnosis, surgical resection or post-mortem), as it has been shown that molecular features and response to therapies differ depending on the time of tissue collection [ 234 ], and a further significant limitation is the use of immunocompromised mice. The lack of an immune microenvironment in these models makes it impossible to study the tumour-immune microenvironment and their interactions [ 235 ]. Recently, with the advances in genome editing, the use of genetically engineered animal models has gained a lot of attraction.…”

Section: Comparison Between Zebrafish and Other Paediatric Brain Canc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Zebrafish Models of Paediatric Brain Tumours

Basheer

Dhar

Samarasinghe

2022

IJMS

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Paediatric brain cancer is the second most common childhood cancer and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children. Despite significant advancements in the treatment modalities and improvements in the 5-year survival rate, it leaves long-term therapy-associated side effects in paediatric patients. Addressing these impairments demands further understanding of the molecularity and heterogeneity of these brain tumours, which can be demonstrated using different animal models of paediatric brain cancer. Here we review the use of zebrafish as potential in vivo models for paediatric brain tumour modelling, as well as catalogue the currently available zebrafish models used to study paediatric brain cancer pathophysiology, and discuss key findings, the unique attributes that these models add, current challenges and therapeutic significance.

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Rodent Models to Analyze the Glioma Microenvironment

Cited by 14 publications

References 71 publications

Zebrafish—A Suitable Model for Rapid Translation of Effective Therapies for Pediatric Cancers

Zebrafish—A Suitable Model for Rapid Translation of Effective Therapies for Pediatric Cancers

CAR T cells: engineered immune cells to treat brain cancers and beyond

Zebrafish Models of Paediatric Brain Tumours

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