Rod bipolar cells in the retina of the capuchin monkey (<i>Cebus apella</i>): Characterization and distribution

Lameirão, Soraia Valéria O.C.; Hamassaki‐Britto, Dânia Emi; Rodrigues, Anderson Raiol; Lima, Sônia Maria Rolim Rosa; Finlay, Barbara L.; Silveira, Luiz Carlos de Lima

doi:10.1017/s0952523809990186

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(111 reference statements)

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“…In macaque, the peak rod bipolar density is about 13,000 cells/mm 2 (Grünert and Martin, ), and the peak rod density is 120,000 rods/mm 2 (Packer et al, ). The ratio of rods to rod bipolar cells in both species remains relatively constant at 8:1 and 13:1, respectively, across the retina, and similar values have been obtained in the capuchin monkey (Lameirao et al, ). Thus in primate, as in other species, the overall rod bipolar density across species follows the rod density, supporting the argument referred to above, that cell proportions in the inner nuclear layer reflect preserved microcircuits.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The density data for all labeled cell populations except for Müller cells derived from the same retina. This is important, as cell densities between individuals of a given species may vary (Curcio and Allen, ; Curcio et al, ; Strettoi and Masland, ; Lameirao et al, ). We found that the fractions of the main cell classes (bipolar, amacrine, horizontal, and Müller cells) did not change much between the central and peripheral retina.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of bipolar and amacrine populations in marmoset retina

Weltzien

Percival

Martin

2014

J of Comparative Neurology

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About 15 parallel ganglion cell pathways transmit visual signals to the brain, but the interneuron (bipolar and amacrine) populations providing input to ganglion cells remain poorly understood in primate retina. We carried out a quantitative analysis of the inner nuclear layer in the retina of the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Vertical Vibratome sections along the horizontal meridian were processed with immunohistochemical markers. Image stacks were taken with a confocal microscope, and densities of cell populations were determined. The density of flat midget bipolar cells fell from 15,746 cells/mm(2) at 1 mm (8 deg) to 7,827 cells/mm(2) at 3 mm (25 deg). The rod bipolar cell density fell from 8,640 cells/mm(2) at 1 mm to 4,278 cells/mm(2) at 3 mm, but the ratio of the two bipolar cell types did not change with eccentricity. The amacrine cell density ranged from 30,000 cells/mm(2) at 8 deg to less than 15,000 cells/mm(2) at 25 deg, but throughout the retina, the ratio of glycinergic to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic to amacrine cells remained relatively constant. The fractions of rod bipolar, cone bipolar, amacrine, Müller, and horizontal cells of all cells in the inner nuclear layer were comparable in central and peripheral retina. Marmosets had lower proportions of midget bipolar and rod bipolar in comparison with macaque. These differences were correlated with differences in rod and cone densities between the two species and did not reflect fundamental differences in the wiring between the two species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of bipolar and amacrine populations in marmoset retina

Weltzien

Percival

Martin

2014

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…The following specific antibodies were used: anti-GFAP antibody for glial cells (raised in mouse; #3670S; Cell Signalling Technology; Danvers, MA, USA) (Lin et al 2013); anti-Thy1 antibody for RGCs (raised in rabbit; #MA1-21469; Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) ( Barnstable and Drager 1984;Nadal-Nicolàs et al 2009); and anti-PKCa antibody for RBCs (raised in Rabbit; #2056S; Cell Signalling Technology) Lameirão et al 2009). The specie-specific magnetic beads were as follows: goat anti-rabbit (#120-000-292) and goat anti-mouse (#120-000-288) IgG microbeads (Miltenyi Biotec).…”

Section: Rgcs Glial Cells and Rbcs Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

NGF Expression in Reelin-Deprived Retinal Cells: A Potential Neuroprotective Effect

et al. 2015

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We recently reported that increased NGF and p75(NTR) as well as decreased trkA(NGFR) characterized the Reelin-deprived (E-Reeler) retina, prospecting a potential contribution of NGF during E-Reeler retinogenesis. Herein, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), glial cells and rod bipolar cells (RBCs) were isolated from E-Reeler retinas, and NGF, trkA(NGFR)/p75(NTR) expression and apoptosis were investigated. E-Reeler (n = 28) and E-control (n = 34) retinas were digested, and RGCs, glial cells and RBCs were isolated by the magnetic bead separation. Expression of NGF, trkA(NGFR), p75(NTR), Annexin V/PI and Bcl2/Bax was quantified by flow cytometry and validated by real-time PCR or WB. In E-Reeler retinas, NGF was significantly increased in RGCs and glial cells, p75(NTR) was increased in both RBCs and RGCs, and trkA(NGFR) was unchanged. In E-control retinas, NGF and p75(NTR) were expressed mainly in RBCs and RGCs and faintly in glial cells, while trkA(NGFR) was weakly expressed by RBCs and RGCs. In RBCs and RGCs, Annexin V expression was unchanged, while Bcl2 increased and Bax decreased selectively in E-Reeler RGCs. The data indicate that E-Reeler RBCs and RGCs overexpress NGF and p75(NTR) as a protective endogenous response to Reelin deprivation. The observation is strongly supported by the absence of apoptosis in both cell types.

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“…To date, the morphology and distribution of ganglion cells [21], [25]–[30], bipolar cells [31], [32], horizontal cells [33], rods, and cones [34]–[37] have been extensively characterized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color Discrimination in the Tufted Capuchin Monkey, Sapajus spp

et al. 2013

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The present study evaluated the efficacy of an adapted version of the Mollon-Reffin test for the behavioral investigation of color vision in capuchin monkeys. Ten tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp., formerly referred to as Cebus apella) had their DNA analyzed and were characterized as the following: one trichromat female, seven deuteranope dichromats (six males and one female), and two protanope males, one of which was identified as an “ML protanope.” For their behavioral characterization, all of the subjects were tested at three regions of the Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE) 1976 u′v′ diagram, with each test consisting of 20 chromatic variation vectors that were radially distributed around the chromaticity point set as the test background. The phenotypes inferred from the behavioral data were in complete agreement with those predicted from the genetic analysis, with the threshold distribution clearly differentiating between trichromats and dichromats and the estimated confusion lines characteristically converging for deuteranopes and the “classic” protanope. The discrimination pattern of the ML protanope was intermediate between protan and deutan, with confusion lines horizontally oriented and parallel to each other. The observed phenotypic differentiation confirmed the efficacy of the Mollon-Reffin test paradigm as a useful tool for evaluating color discrimination in nonhuman primates. Especially noteworthy was the demonstration of behavioral segregation between the “classic” and “ML” protanopes, suggesting identifiable behavioral consequences of even slight variations in the spectral sensitivity of M/L photopigments in dichromats.

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Rod bipolar cells in the retina of the capuchin monkey (Cebus apella): Characterization and distribution

Cited by 12 publications

References 61 publications

Analysis of bipolar and amacrine populations in marmoset retina

Analysis of bipolar and amacrine populations in marmoset retina

NGF Expression in Reelin-Deprived Retinal Cells: A Potential Neuroprotective Effect

Color Discrimination in the Tufted Capuchin Monkey, Sapajus spp

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