Rocking Chair Desalination Battery Based on Prussian Blue Electrodes

Lee, Jaehan; Kim, Seonghwan; Yoon, Jeyong

doi:10.1021/acsomega.6b00526

Cited by 216 publications

(199 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…We reiterate that, for the present device using identical NiHCF electrodes, cell voltage (measured as the difference between the current collector potentials for anode and cathode as in Fig. 1, i.e., V cell = ϕ s,a -ϕ s,c ) takes equal and opposite values on average during charge and discharge, in contrast with previous reports of asymmetric electrochemical desalination devices [2,3,21] that show net positive cell voltage during both charge and discharge. For CID with symmetric electrodes energy recovery can affect energy consumption when ohmic losses are small (as predicted in Ref.…”

Section: Desalination Performance Metricscontrasting

confidence: 72%

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Nickel Hexacyanoferrate Electrodes for Continuous Cation Intercalation Desalination of Brackish Water

Porada

Shrivastava

Bukowska³

et al. 2017

Electrochimica Acta

232

231

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Using porous electrodes containing redox-active nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) nanoparticles, we construct and test a device for capacitive deionization in a two flow-channel device where the intercalation electrodes are in direct contact with an anion-exchange membrane. Upon reduction of NiHCF, cations intercalate into it and the water in its vicinity is desalinated; at the same time water in the opposing electrode becomes more saline upon oxidation of NiHCF in that electrode. In a cyclic process of charge and discharge, fresh water is continuously produced, alternating between the two channels in sync with the direction of applied current. We present proof-of-principle experiments of this technology for single salt solutions, where we analyze various levels of current and cycle durations. We analyze salt removal rate and energy consumption. In desalination experiments with salt mixtures we find a threefold enhancement for K + over Na + -adsorption, which shows the potential of NiHCF intercalation electrodes for selective ion separation from mixed ionic solutions.

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Section: Desalination Performance Metricscontrasting

confidence: 72%

“…[20]. Recently an asymmetric configuration of Prussian Blue analogue electrodes was used without flow to desalinate seawater [21]. Presently we employ symmetric NiHCF electrodes with brackish solution flowing through porous spacers, enabling continuous production of desalted water.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel Hexacyanoferrate Electrodes for Continuous Cation Intercalation Desalination of Brackish Water

Porada

Shrivastava

Bukowska³

et al. 2017

Electrochimica Acta

232

231

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show abstract

“…In both electrodes we model the intercalation of Na + ions into and out of nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF), a type of Prussian Blue analogue with facile kinetics [53], an ability to intercalate a variety of cations [54], and belonging to a class of materials that have recently been predicted [12] and demonstrated [18,20,19] in CID devices using IEMs. Here Na + ions intercalate into NiHCF when it is electrochemically reduced: 1) where x N a is the fraction of intercalated Na + within the IHC that spans between zero and unity.…”

Section: System Definition and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initial predictions of CID [11] showed that a cation-blocking ion-exchange membrane (IEM) was needed to approach 100% charge efficiency (defined as the ratio salt moles removed to the moles of electrons transferred), while a thin battery-type separator produced only 35% charge efficiency. Following from these findings the CID concept was demonstrated experimentally using IEMs in brackish water with identical electrodes [18] and in seawater with dissimilar electrodes [19]. Furthermore, later predictions showed that a series of IEMs with alternating selectivity can be stacked between IHC electrodes to increase water salt adsorption capacity [12], which was subsequently demonstrated experimentally [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the trade-offs between energy consumption and salt removal rate in membrane-free cation intercalation desalination

Liu

Smith

2018

Electrochimica Acta

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Electrochemical desalination devices that use redox-active cation intercalation electrodes show promise for desalination of salt-rich water resources with high water recovery and low energy consumption. While previous modeling and experiments used ion-exchange membranes to maximize charge efciency, here a membrane-free alternative is evaluated to reduce capital cost by using a porous diaphragm to separate Na 1+x NiFe(CN) 6 electrodes. Two-dimensional porous-electrode modeling shows that, while charge efficiency losses are inherent to a diaphragm-based architecture, charge efficiency values approaching the anion transference number (61% for NaCl) are achievable for diaphragms with sufficiently low salt conductance. Closed-form equations are thereby derived that relate charge efficiency to the non-dimensional Pèclet and Damköhler numbers that enable the selection of current and flow velocity to produce a desired degree-of-desalination. Simulations using these conditions are used to quantify the tradeoffs between energy consumption and salt removal rate for diaphragmbased cells operated at a range of currents. The simulated distributions of reactions are shown to result from the local salt concentration variations within electrodes using diffusion-potential theory. We also simulate the cycling dynamics of various flow configurations and show that flow-through electrodes exceed the degree-of-desalination compared with flow-by and flow-behind configurations due to solution stagnation within electrodes.

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“…[6] Furthermore, recently Smith et al have introduced cation intercalation electrodes such as Prussian blue analogs for an effective desalination process. [13][14][15] Therefore, identifying a stable, efficient, and practical Cl À storage electrode is a big challenge for the development of sea water desalination batteries. [10,11] In addition, the material should be cost effective, economic in energy consumption, easy to access, reusable, abundant, and should have a high specific capacity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox‐Polysilsesquioxane Film as a New Chloride Storage Electrode for Desalination Batteries

Silambarasan

Joseph

2019

Energy Tech

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Desalination battery is an emerging concept used in electrochemical technology to solve the problems in sea water desalination. However, identifying an efficient and reversible chloride (Cl−) storage electrode is a major challenge for the development of desalination batteries. A new membraneless, reversible desalination battery consisting of an efficient, reversible, high‐capacity Cl− storage electrode, ferrocyanide molecule immobilized polysilsesquioxane (redox‐PSQ), in combination with the cation storage material, a nickel hexacyanoferrate film in real sea water, is described. The redox‐PSQ polymer is superior over the other reported Cl− storage electrodes (Ag and Bi electrodes) in terms of cost, stability, reversibility, and Cl− ion removal capacity in real‐time applications. About 164 mg L−1 of Cl− ion is removed from natural sea water per 7.6 × 10−8 mol cm−2 surface concentration of electrode material with 98% coulombic efficiency. During the desalination process, alkali ions move toward nickel hexacyanoferrate and Cl− ions moves toward the redox‐PSQ film from the sea water. During the salination process, the stored ions are recovered from the electrode surface as a result of partial energy recovery. Furthermore, this electrode also removes the sulfate ion present in the sea water by the electrostatic adsorption phenomenon. In addition, a high‐voltage (2.3 V), Mg//redox‐PSQ polymer cell is constructed with a red light‐emitting diode that glows during the salination process.

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Rocking Chair Desalination Battery Based on Prussian Blue Electrodes

Cited by 216 publications

References 42 publications

Nickel Hexacyanoferrate Electrodes for Continuous Cation Intercalation Desalination of Brackish Water

Nickel Hexacyanoferrate Electrodes for Continuous Cation Intercalation Desalination of Brackish Water

Quantifying the trade-offs between energy consumption and salt removal rate in membrane-free cation intercalation desalination

Redox‐Polysilsesquioxane Film as a New Chloride Storage Electrode for Desalination Batteries

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