“…Alternative polymerization schemes using reduction/oxidation (redox)-initiation systems allow for in situ chemical crosslinking, enabling spontaneous gelation at the site of injection under physiological conditions (Van Tomme, Storm, & Hennink, 2008). Ammonium persulfate (APS)/ N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) is a redox initiation system employed ubiquitously in crosslinking of hydrogels (Ahmed, 2013;Desai, Tang, Ross, & Gemeinhart, 2012;Fang, Wang, Zhang, Shao, & Chen, 2013;Hennink & van Nostrum, 2002;Hong, Mao, & Wang, 2006;Mironi-Harpaz, Wang, Venkatraman, & Seliktar, 2012;Suhag, Bhatnagar, & Singh, 2008;Yang et al, 2013). However, potential toxicity concerns have been reported (Desai et al, 2012;Hennink & van Nostrum, 2002;Ifkovits et al, 2010;Mironi-Harpaz et al, 2012) as with other photo-initiation systems (Baroli, 2006;Mironi-Harpaz et al, 2012;Page et al, 2013).…”