Robust joint resource allocation algorithm for hierarchical underwater acoustic communication networks based on outage probability minimization

Abstract

This study investigates a joint resource allocation (channel selection (CS) and power allocation (PA)) problem with multiple channels, users, constraints, and uncertainties in the underwater acoustic communication networks (UACNs). A hierarchical joint resource allocation model is formulated considering different user requirements. This model aims to minimize the maximum outage probability of lower users while satisfying the outage requirements of upper users. This study presents a robust distributed power allocation (RDPA) algorithm to solve complex PA problems with nonconvex mixed integers and uncertainties in UACNs. The residual energy of nodes is considered in the proposed RDPA algorithm to balance their energy, thereby extending the working time of the entire network. The proposed robust CS algorithm considers the actual and potential interferences of all neighboring nodes to decrease the interferences of nodes and the entire network, thereby reducing the outage probability of the network. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. INTRODUCTIONWith the increasing exploitation of marine resources, the research on underwater communication technology has recently attracted increasing attention. 1,2 Underwater acoustic communication networks (UACNs) can facilitate a wide range of civil and military applications, including mine reconnaissance, disaster prediction, coastline protection, and target tracking. 3,4 UACNs face larger connatural challenges than radio communication networks. 5 These challenges include the following. (1) Narrow bandwidth: the underwater acoustic transmission bandwidth is usually less than 100 kbps, 6 which decreases with the increase in communication distance. (2) Limited energy: acoustic modems are battery-powered, and changing or recharging batteries is difficult in the underwater environment. As a result, the working time of the nodes in UACNs is short. (3) Multiple uncertainties: the underwater acoustic channel is one of the most complex channel affected by various environmental factors, such as temperature, salinity, and aquatic organism. Therefore, a resource allocation approach that can achieve high resource utilization rate, long working time, and strong robustness is a key technology in improving the quality of service (QoS) of complex UACNs.

Game theory based hybrid localization technique for underwater wireless sensor networks

“…Subsequently, it is not certain that every sensor node will be able to find themselves. 6,7 Existing localization methods take diverse factor into account such as network architecture, transmission model, size of network, ecological parameters, precision, the amount of anchor nodes, as well as the sensor node's relative placement. The challenge during node localization is to maintain network's energy and location-based routing procedures in parallel.…”

“…Furthermore, the cost of connecting all deployed nodes with extremely‐short pulses and Doppler velocity log (DVL) are prohibitive. Subsequently, it is not certain that every sensor node will be able to find themselves 6,7 …”