“…PID control method is generally applied in the AFCS of jumbo jets. () Many types of control methods have been applied in civil aircraft, such as robust gaināscheduled controlābased faultātolerant control (FTC), slidingāmodeābased FTC,() LQG/loopātransferārecoveryābased active control, robust optimal adaptive flight control, adaptive gaināscheduled flight control, attitude control based on dynamic inversion and multiobjective optimization, adaptive controlābased structural damage FTC, disturbance observerābased dynamic surface flight control, backsteppingābased FTC, optimal controlābased model following FTC, and dynamic inversionābased landing control, and model predictive controlābased attitude angles protection . These methods improve the tracking performance, robustness to parametric uncertainties, and reliability of the AFCS of civil aircraft, as compared with engineering control methods such as PID control.…”