Robust Blind Digital 3D Model Watermarking Algorithm Using Mean Curvature

Iraqi Journal of Science

2023

Nowadays, 3D content is becoming an essential part of multimedia applications, when the 3D content is not protected, hackers may attack and steal it. This paper introduces a proposed scheme that provides high protection for 3D content by implementing multiple levels of security with preserving the original size using weight factor (w). First level of security is implemented by encrypting the texture map based on a 2D Logistic chaotic map. Second level is implemented by shuffling vertices (confusion) based on a 1D Tent chaotic map. Third level is implemented by modifying the vertices values (diffusion) based on a 3D Lorenz chaotic map. Results illustrate that the proposed scheme is completely deform the entire 3D content according to Hausdorff Distance (HD) approximately around 100 after the encryption process. It provides a high security against brute force attack because it has large key space equal to 10165 and secret key sensitivity using NPCR near 99:6% and UACI near 33:4%. The histogram and HD indicate the decrypted 3D content is identical to the origin where HD values approximate zero.

Section: Representation Of 3d Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Content Encryption Using Multi-Level Chaotic Maps

Iraqi Journal of Science

2023

“…The geometry data is marked as G={V, E, F}, such that V is the vertices list, E is the edge connected between vertices, and F is the data for faces. The topological data includes the geometry elements connection information [20]- [23]. Figure 1 cited in the manuscript [24] demonstrates the representation 3D polygon structure with quadrilaterals in Figure 1…”

Section: The 3d Model Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-level encryption for 3D mesh model based on 3D Lorenz chaotic map and random number generator

2022

IJECE

<span lang="EN-US">The increasing 3D model applications in various areas of life and widespread use like industry leads to 3D models being stolen and attacked by hackers; therefore, 3D model protection is a fundamental matter nowadays. In this paper, the proposed scheme will provide stringent security for the 3D models by implementing multiple levels of security with preserving the original dimensionality of the 3D model using the weight factor (w). The first level of security is achieved by applying a shuffling process for the vertices based on a key from random number generator (RNG), which provides good confusion. The second level is implemented by modifying the vertices values based on 3D keys from 3D Lorenz chaotic map, which provides good diffusion. The proposed scheme was applied on different 3D models varying in the vertices and faces number. The results illustrate that the proposed scheme deforms the entire 3D model based on Hausdorff distance (HD) approximately 100 after the encryption process, making it resist statistical attack. The scheme provides high security against brute force attack because it has a large key space equal to 10,105 and high security against deferential attack through secret key sensitivity using number of pixels change rate (NPCR) near to 99:6% and unified average changing intensity (UACI) near to 33:4%.</span>

“…The geometry information is denoted as G = {V, E, F}, where V is the vertices of the mesh, E is the straight lines that connect vertices, and F is the facets information. The topological information, including the connectivity data between the geometry elements that specify which vertices belong to each polygon [21][22][23][24]. Figure 1 illustrates the triangle and quadrilaterals representation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Polygon Mesh Encryption Based on 3D Lorenz Chaotic Map

Int. J. Interact. Mob. Technol.

2021

<p class="0abstract">The multimedia application developments in recent years lead to the widespread of 3D model applications. It becomes more popular in various fields as well as exchanging it over the internet. The security of the 3D models is a very important issue now a day, so the scheme for encrypting the 3D model will be proposed in this work. In this proposed scheme, the 3D polygon mesh model will be protected through the encrypting process based on a 3D Lorenz Chaotic map where the vertices value of the 3D polygon mesh model will be modified using 3D keys generated by 3D Lorenz Chaotic Map, which has excellent property and provides a good diffusion. The proposed scheme was implemented on various 3D models, which have a different number of vertices and faces. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme has good encryption results, which were noted through completely deforming and changing the whole shape of the 3D models. The Hausdorff Distance (HD) and histogram metrics are adopted to calculate the matching degree between the original and extracted model. The results show that the original and extracted model are identical through the values of HD, where they are approximately zero, and the histogram visually is identical. </p>