Riverine endosulfan concentrations in the Namoi River, Australia: Link to cotton field runoff and macroinvertebrate population densities

Leonard, Alex W.; Hyne, Ross V.; Lim, Richard P.; Pablo, Fleur; Brink, Paul J. Van den

doi:10.1002/etc.5620190610

Cited by 68 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Entry routes of pesticides into adjacent bodies of water resulting from normal agricultural usage include spray drift, runoff, and leaching (e.g., Ganzelmeier et al, 1995;Capri and Trevisan, 1998; Van de Zande et al, 2000). Programmes and studies focusing on the detection of pesticides in an aquatic environment report traces of these toxicants in various bodies of water (Wan, 1989;Thoma and Nicolson, 1989;Frank et al, 1990;Teunissen-Ordelman and Schrap, 1996;Lahr and Banister, 1997;Liess and Schulz, 1999;Leonard et al, 2000). Hence, it is demonstrated that nontarget species living in water catchments of agricultural areas are potentially at risk when they have similar toxicant receptors as the target organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Threshold Levels for Effects of Insecticides in Freshwater Ecosystems: A Review

2005

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Abstract. A literature review of freshwater (model) ecosystem studies with neurotoxic insecticides was performed to assess ecological threshold levels, to compare these levels with the first tier approach within European Union (EU) administration procedures, and to evaluate the ecological consequences of exceeding these thresholds. Studies published between 1980 and 2001 were reviewed. Most studies covered organophosphates and synthetic pyrethroids in lentic waters. The most sensitive taxa were representatives of crustaceans, insects and fish. Based on toxic units, threshold values were equivalent for compounds with a similar mode of action. This also accounted for the nature and magnitude of direct effects at higher concentrations. Although laboratory single species toxicity tests may not allow predictions on precise ecological effects, some generalisations on effects and recovery can be made with respect to acute standard laboratory EC 50 data. The NOEC ecosystem usually is a factor of 10 or more higher than first tier acceptable concentrations, particularly in the case of single applications and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Acceptable concentrations, as set by the EU first tier approach, appear to be protective. Recovery of sensitive endpoints usually occurs within 2 months of the (last) application when peak concentrations remain lower than (0.1-1) · EC 50 of the most sensitive standard test species. The consistency of response patterns found in model ecosystem studies can be useful when estimating the ecological risks of pesticides. The use of an effect classification system was also helpful in evaluating effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Threshold Levels for Effects of Insecticides in Freshwater Ecosystems: A Review

2005

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“…One disadvantage of the TRIMPS has been release of the solvent to the surrounding water. This problem may be largely avoided by using a protective nylonmesh bag to surround the passive samplers [10]. The lower surface area to volume ratio of TRIMPS leads to less susceptibility to saturation and depuration of sorbed compounds in comparison to SPMDs when in clean water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The release of trimethylpentane may also be limited by movement through the aqueous boundary layer in the other direction [8]. Temperature changes measured in river water during the pesticide-spraying season [10] are likely to be less influential on the uptake of pesticide contaminants into the TRIMPS [16,17]. The influence of changes in the sorptive properties of particulates and dissolved organic matter in the water column is only likely to be important for the more hydrophobic compounds [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These estimates of concentration factor would be useful in determination of the pesticides' water concentration knowing the concentration in the TRIMPS. The third objective was to determine the relationship between trimethylpentane-release from the TRIMPS (referred to as solvent release in the following sections) and pesticide uptake using field data from previous studies [10,12]. If a strong relationship was found, and assuming aqueous boundary layer control, then solvent release would be used as an indicator of chemical diffusion into/from the TRIMPS to examine the effect of environmental factors such as river flow rate, temperature, and time on the diffusion processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trimethylpentane‐containing passive samplers for predicting time‐integrated concentrations of pesticides in water: Laboratory and field studies

Leonard

Hyne²,

Pablo³

2002

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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A laboratory continuous-flow system delivering known aqueous concentrations of pesticides to passive samplers was used to examine the kinetics of pesticide uptake and release. The passive samplers were constructed of low-density polyethylene membrane bags containing 2.2.4-trimethylpentane solvent (TRIMPS). Both uptake and release experiments were run in triplicate. Each experiment involved four treatments, including a control and three fivefold dilutions of a pesticide mixture that included the usual range of these pesticides as measured in the riverine environment of cotton-growing regions of Australia. The results indicated that for nonpolar pesticides with a log K(ow) > 3.5. uptake was linear over the 42-d exposure time and was independent of the treatment concentration. The half-lives for release of these pesticides from the TRIMPS varied from 26 to 130 d in clean water. The relatively polar pesticides with a log K(ow) < 3.5 had lower uptake rates into the TRIMPS because of their affinity for water. Release of trimethylpentane from the TRIMPS placed in 0.85-mm mesh nylon bags in river water was used as an indicator for chemical diffusion across the aqueous boundary to examine the effect of environmental factors. Most variability in solvent release in the field-deployed TRIMPS across all sites was explained by time of deployment and was not significantly influenced by river flow or water temperature. This suggests that river flow and water temperature may not be important in influencing uptake rates of pesticides into TRIMPS when employed in the field.

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“…One of the main factors affecting colonisation of benthic macroinvertebrates is substratum interaction with current velocity which results in great mobility in the substratum, generating an unstable habitat for benthic macroinvertebrates to settle in the GSM [22]. Another factor could be that excessive runoff that causes erosion on the catchment changes the abiotic condition of the benthos particularly increasing nutrients [23] and sediment loads [24]. Erosion of the un-vegetated catchment along the Vuvu River could be one of the main reasons for the occurrence of decreased number of benthic macroinvertebrate families on the GSM.…”

Section: Sources Of Variation Ssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Variations in the Distribution of Benthic Macroinvertebrates Along the Vuvu River, South Africa

Nakin

BOVUNGANA²,

MAJIZA

2017

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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Benthic macroinvertebrates are widely known as important organisms for biomonitoring of water quality due to their visibility to the naked eye, ease of identification, rapid life cycles and sedentary habits. The aim of the study was to assess the condition or health of the Vuvu River using the South African Scoring System (SASS) Version 5 Biomonitoring Method for Rivers. This was achieved by determining the abundance and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates, and also assessing the influence of water quality parameters on the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates along the Vuvu River. Samples were collected and identified at the Vuvu River, Elundini Area in the Mount Fletcher district over a period of three months. Water quality parameters, which included dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH and electrical conductivity, were also measured in situ. The three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that benthic macroinvertebrates were more diverse upstream than at the downstream sites. Results on biotope level revealed that Stones-In-Current (SIC) had significantly higher macroinvertebrate diversity than Gravel Sand and Mud (GSM) with the former being twice the number of benthic macroinvertebrates than the latter. Electrical conductivity showed no significant differences among sites and throughout the sampling period. Although there was a significant increase in mean temperature from July to October which also increased downstream, there was no noticeable relationship between macroinvertebrate distribution and temperature changes. pH values increased downstream and varied from 8.22 to 9.35, indicating alkaline condition. These results serve as baseline information about the condition of the Vuvu River and that benthic macroinvertebrates can be used as monitors of the river ecosystem.

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Riverine endosulfan concentrations in the Namoi River, Australia: Link to cotton field runoff and macroinvertebrate population densities

Cited by 68 publications

References 35 publications

Threshold Levels for Effects of Insecticides in Freshwater Ecosystems: A Review

Threshold Levels for Effects of Insecticides in Freshwater Ecosystems: A Review

Trimethylpentane‐containing passive samplers for predicting time‐integrated concentrations of pesticides in water: Laboratory and field studies

Spatial and Temporal Variations in the Distribution of Benthic Macroinvertebrates Along the Vuvu River, South Africa

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