Risks for Bacteremia and Urinary Tract Infections in Young Febrile Children With Bronchiolitis

Comparison of Nebulized Epinephrine to Albuterol in Bronchiolitis

“…Furthermore, it is doubtful if asthma should ever be diagnosed in the age group that we studied. Our definition of bronchiolitis is consistent with the often heterogeneous 28 definitions used by others 21 . We have also addressed elements seen in other definitions by both subgroup and multivariate analysis and consistently obtained results favoring racemic albuterol.…”

“…An overall kappa was not reported 12 . We and others have found worse agreement for auscultatory findings in infants, 21,31 but that overall the reliability of our severity‐of‐illness tool (κ = 0.68) was sufficient to permit its use. Previously employed severity‐of‐illness or clinical scores have not been validated to predict disposition in bronchiolitis, whereas the model we used has 19 …”

Urine Testing and Urinary Tract Infections in Febrile Infants Seen in Office Settings

“…in which 91% responded that they would order a urinalysis for a 3-week-old infant with a temperature of 38.5°C, but only 24% would order a urinalysis for a 2-month-old infant with a temperature of 38.7°C and bilateral otitis media. Infants with respiratory distress of-ten did not undergo urine testing; this is consistent with reports 20,21 that the yield of urine cultures in infants with bronchiolitis is low.…”

Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection in Febrile Young Children in the Emergency Department

“…This practice is supported by a multicenter study that found a 1.9% prevalence of UTI in febrile infants with bronchiolitis. 16 Although the prevalence of UTI is higher in those children without any other potential source of fever, we found a 2.7% (95% CI: 2.0,3.4) prevalence compared with another urban ED's 3.5% (95% CI: 1.8,5.2) prevalence rate in a convenience sample of febrile infants with a possible source of fever. 7 In another study of children younger than 2 years of age who presented with URI or GI symptoms felt by the attending physician to be insufficient to explain fever or without any source of fever on examination, 4.1% had UTIs.…”