Risk scores for diabetes and impaired glycaemia in the Middle East and North Africa

Handlos, Line Neerup; Witte, Daniel R.; Almdal, Thomas; Nielsen, Lea Bruhn; Badawi, S el; Sheikh, Aisha; Belhadj, M.; Nadir, D.; Zinai, S.; Vistisen, Dorte

doi:10.1111/dme.12118

Cited by 15 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Three previous attempts to develop type 2 diabetes risk scores that included participants from Saudi Arabia have been carried out. However, each of them had serious limitations preventing their use in practice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, each of them had serious limitations preventing their use in practice. The first of these included people from United Arab Emirates and Algeria in addition to Saudis, and was part of a screening program for the detection of diabetes in the three countries. Screening and recruitment of participants was carried out in central locations in cities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Targeted screening for dysglycemia with a screening questionnaire as a first step has been shown to be successful in detecting dysglycemia and allowing early intervention. Attempts to construct a Saudi diabetes risk score proposed previously included various limitations preventing their wide adoption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dysglycemia risk score in Saudi Arabia: A tool to identify people at high future risk of developing type 2 diabetes

Bahijri

Al-Raddadi

Ajabnoor

et al. 2020

J of Diabetes Invest

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Aims/Introduction: To develop a non-invasive risk score to identify Saudis having prediabetes or undiagnosed type 2 diabetes. Methods: Adult Saudis without diabetes were recruited randomly using a stratified twostage cluster sampling method. Demographic, dietary, lifestyle variables, personal and family medical history were collected using a questionnaire. Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were taken. Body mass index was calculated. The 1-h oral glucose tolerance test was carried out. Glycated hemoglobin, fasting and 1-h plasma glucose were measured, and obtained values were used to define prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (dysglycemia). Logistic regression models were used for assessing the association between various factors and dysglycemia, and Hosmer-Lemeshow summary statistics were used to assess the goodness-of-fit. Results: A total of 791 men and 612 women were included, of whom 69 were found to have diabetes, and 259 had prediabetes. The prevalence of dysglycemia was 23%, increasing with age, reaching 71% in adults aged ≥65 years. In univariate analysis age, body mass index, waist circumference, use of antihypertensive medication, history of hyperglycemia, low physical activity, short sleep and family history of diabetes were statistically significant. The final model for the Saudi Diabetes Risk Score constituted sex, age, waist circumference, history of hyperglycemia and family history of diabetes, with the score ranging from 0 to 15. Its fit based on assessment using the receiver operating characteristic curve was good, with an area under the curve of 0.76 (95% confidence interval 0.73-0.79). The proposed cut-point for dysglycemia is 5 or 6, with sensitivity and specificity being approximately 0.7. Conclusion: The Saudi Diabetes Risk Score is a simple tool that can effectively distinguish Saudis at high risk of dysglycemia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dysglycemia risk score in Saudi Arabia: A tool to identify people at high future risk of developing type 2 diabetes

Bahijri

Al-Raddadi

Ajabnoor

et al. 2020

J of Diabetes Invest

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“…As a result, risk assessment scores have been developed to address this problem in a simple and inexpensive way. Most of the available algorithms for diabetes screening have been developed in Caucasian [ 7 – 9 ] and Asian populations [ 10 – 13 ] and very few in other ethnic groups [ 14 , 15 ]. To date, one diabetes risk score has been developed and validated in Latin America so far which was derived from one urban area in Brazil [ 16 ], thus bearing limited generalizability to the wider region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of a Simple Risk Score for Undiagnosed Type 2 Diabetes in a Resource-Constrained Setting

Bernabé‐Ortiz

Smeeth

Gilman

et al. 2016

Journal of Diabetes Research

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Objective. To develop and validate a risk score for detecting cases of undiagnosed diabetes in a resource-constrained country. Methods. Two population-based studies in Peruvian population aged ≥35 years were used in the analysis: the ENINBSC survey (n = 2,472) and the CRONICAS Cohort Study (n = 2,945). Fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L was used to diagnose diabetes in both studies. Coefficients for risk score were derived from the ENINBSC data and then the performance was validated using both baseline and follow-up data of the CRONICAS Cohort Study. Results. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was 2.0% in the ENINBSC survey and 2.9% in the CRONICAS Cohort Study. Predictors of undiagnosed diabetes were age, diabetes in first-degree relatives, and waist circumference. Score values ranged from 0 to 4, with an optimal cutoff ≥2 and had a moderate performance when applied in the CRONICAS baseline data (AUC = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.62–0.73; sensitivity 70%; specificity 59%). When predicting incident cases, the AUC was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.61–0.71), with a sensitivity of 69% and specificity of 59%. Conclusions. A simple nonblood based risk score based on age, diabetes in first-degree relatives, and waist circumference can be used as a simple screening tool for undiagnosed and incident cases of diabetes in Peru.

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“…This problem is also reflected in the Middle East where the prevalence of type 2 DM in 2007 varied between 3.4% in the Yemen to 19.5% in the UAE in patients between 20-79 years of age [9]. In Oman, the prevalence of type 2 DM in 2009 was 12% as mentioned by the annual health report indicating steady increase in its prevalence [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of Diabetes Care in Primary Health Centres in North Al-Batinah of Oman

Al-Shafaee¹,

Al-Farsi²,

Al-Kaabi³

et al. 2014

TOCMJ

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Objective: To assess the quality of diabetic care provided in primary health care settings in Oman.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of randomly selected 500 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) attending 6 primary care diabetic clinics in the north Al-Batinah region of Oman from January to December 2010. Nine standards on the quality of diabetes care were audited.Results: The mean age of the sample was 51±13 years, ranging from 15 to 87 years; the majority (61%) were females. The mean duration of DM was 4±3 years, ranging from 1 to 18 years. Seventy-seven percent of the patients attended diabetic clinics at least 4 times per year. Of the 9 assessed diabetic standards, HbA1c was documented in 33% of the patients, body mass index in 12%, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in 40%, urinary albumin:creatinine ratio in 28%, creatinine in 63% and blood pressure (BP) in 96%. Optimal control among the documented indicators was noted in 32, 21, 25, 85, 95 and 19%, respectively. Twenty percent of the patients had their ECGs done while only 39% of the patients had foot examination. No patient had attained control in all of HbA1c., BP and LDL-C.Conclusion: There is a gap between the recommended DM care guidelines and current practice with consequent poor quality of care in these patients.

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Risk scores for diabetes and impaired glycaemia in the Middle East and North Africa

Abstract: Two regional risk scores for diabetes and diabetes or impaired glycaemia applicable to the Middle East and North Africa region were identified. The regional risk scores performed as well as the national risk scores derived in the same manner.

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Dysglycemia risk score in Saudi Arabia: A tool to identify people at high future risk of developing type 2 diabetes

Dysglycemia risk score in Saudi Arabia: A tool to identify people at high future risk of developing type 2 diabetes

Development and Validation of a Simple Risk Score for Undiagnosed Type 2 Diabetes in a Resource-Constrained Setting

Quality of Diabetes Care in Primary Health Centres in North Al-Batinah of Oman

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