2021
DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05458-8
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Abstract: Aims/hypothesis Diabetes has been identified as a risk factor for poor prognosis of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this study is to identify high-risk phenotypes of diabetes associated with COVID-19 severity and death. Methods This is the first edition of a living systematic review and meta-analysis on observational studies investigating phenotypes in individuals with diabetes and COVID-19-related death and severity. Four different databas… Show more

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Cited by 74 publications
(67 citation statements)
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“…Among COVID-19 patients with diabetes, the intensive care hospitalization rate and mortality rate are two to three times higher than that of patients without diabetes 286 . Diabetes has been identified as an independent risk factor for poor prognosis of COVID-19 287 , 288 . The underlying pathogenic links between COVID-19 and diabetes include effects on inflammation, glucose homeostasis, immune status changes and renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) activation 289 .…”
Section: Future Directionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Among COVID-19 patients with diabetes, the intensive care hospitalization rate and mortality rate are two to three times higher than that of patients without diabetes 286 . Diabetes has been identified as an independent risk factor for poor prognosis of COVID-19 287 , 288 . The underlying pathogenic links between COVID-19 and diabetes include effects on inflammation, glucose homeostasis, immune status changes and renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) activation 289 .…”
Section: Future Directionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In a systematic review and meta-analysis which included observational studies and investigated risk phenotypes of diabetes and association with COVID-19 severity and deaths, older age (> 65 years) was associated with a 3.49 higher relative risk of COVID-19-related death (95%CI: 1.82-6.69)[ 19 ]. Several studies have also shown the absence of excess mortality in young or middle aged patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D)[ 8 , 20 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In a population-based cohort study of people with diabetes, increased COVID-19-related mortality was associated with cardiovascular and renal complications of diabetes[ 21 ]. Diabetic patients with related chronic kidney disease were even more at risk, in a meta-analysis, with a relative risk of COVID-19-related mortality of 2.53 (95%CI: 0.93-6.88)[ 19 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Due to this risk of severe and even fatal COVID-19, governments and relevant public health authorities worldwide enforced nationwide lockdown/quarantine measures, aiming to decrease the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among the general population, and hence protect the health of vulnerable individuals [4][5][6][7]. Based on robust clinical and epidemiological evidence, it is now clear that, in addition to older age and male sex, susceptibility to severe COVID-19 is directly associated with a number of chronic cardio-metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension and metabolic syndrome [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Of note, with the exception of advanced age and male sex, the same cardio-metabolic risk factors which predispose to severe COVID-19 are also highly prevalent among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) [15,16], placing this female patient population at potentially increased risk during the COVID-19 pandemic [17].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%