Risk of severe clinical outcomes among persons with SARS-CoV-2 infection with differing levels of vaccination during widespread Omicron (B.1.1.529) and Delta (B.1.617.2) variant circulation in Northern California: A retrospective cohort study

Skarbinski, Jacek; Wood, Mariah S; Chervo, Tyler C; Schapiro, Jeffrey M.; Elkin, Eric P.; Valice, Emily; Amsden, Laura; Hsiao, Crystal A.; Quesenberry, Charles P.; Corley, Douglas A.; Kushi, Lawrence H.

doi:10.1016/j.lana.2022.100297

Cited by 49 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The large number of deletions and mutations (>60 across the genome, including 37 in the viral Spike protein and R203K in the Nucleocapsid N), improve its affinity for the viral receptor ACE2 on target cells [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ] and thereby its transmissibility, accelerate viral assembly and enable immune evasion [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Omicron variants cause less severe forms of COVID-19 (~60% lower risk of hospitalization or death compared to Delta) [ 20 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ], reflecting the combined effects of intrinsic lower viral pathogenicity and prior immunity [ 14 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-Omicron Vaccine Breakthrough Infection Induces Superior Cross-Neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 Compared to Infection Alone

Silva

Kohnen

Gilson

et al. 2022

IJMS

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SARS-CoV-2 variants raise concern because of their high transmissibility and their ability to evade neutralizing antibodies elicited by prior infection or by vaccination. Here, we compared the neutralizing abilities of sera from 70 unvaccinated COVID-19 patients infected before the emergence of variants of concern (VOCs) and of 16 vaccine breakthrough infection (BTI) cases infected with Gamma or Delta against the ancestral B.1 strain, the Gamma, Delta and Omicron BA.1 VOCs using live virus. We further determined antibody levels against the Nucleocapsid (N) and full Spike proteins, the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the Spike protein. Convalescent sera featured considerable variability in the neutralization of B.1 and in the cross-neutralization of different strains. Their neutralizing capacity moderately correlated with antibody levels against the Spike protein and the RBD. All but one convalescent serum failed to neutralize Omicron BA.1. Overall, convalescent sera from patients with moderate disease had higher antibody levels and displayed a higher neutralizing ability against all strains than patients with mild or severe forms of the disease. The sera from BTI cases fell into one of two categories: half the sera had a high neutralizing activity against the ancestral B.1 strain as well as against the infecting strain, while the other half had no or a very low neutralizing activity against all strains. Although antibody levels against the spike protein and the RBD were lower in BTI sera than in unvaccinated convalescent sera, most neutralizing sera also retained partial neutralizing activity against Omicron BA.1, suggestive of a better cross-neutralization and higher affinity of vaccine-elicited antibodies over virus-induced antibodies. Accordingly, the IC50: antibody level ratios were comparable for BTI and convalescent sera, but remained lower in the neutralizing convalescent sera from patients with moderate disease than in BTI sera. The neutralizing activity of BTI sera was strongly correlated with antibodies against the Spike protein and the RBD. Together, these findings highlight qualitative differences in antibody responses elicited by infection in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. They further indicate that breakthrough infection with a pre-Omicron variant boosts immunity and induces cross-neutralizing antibodies against different strains, including Omicron BA.1.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-Omicron Vaccine Breakthrough Infection Induces Superior Cross-Neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 Compared to Infection Alone

Silva

Kohnen

Gilson

et al. 2022

IJMS

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show abstract

“…karditis nicht erfüllt waren, liessen sich auch in anderen Studien bei 8-28% der an CO-VID-19 Erkrankten erhöhte Herzenzyme verzeichnen, vereinbar mit einer myokardialen Schädigung [17,18]. Zudem verringert eine Impfung das Risiko für schwere Krankheitsverläufe, die besonders stark mit einer myokardialen Beteiligung assoziiert sind [17,19]. Es kann daher davon ausgegangen werden, dass eine Impfung trotz der geringeren Wirksamkeit gegen die Omikron-Varianten auch und gerade bei Menschen mit hohem Myokarditisrisiko (beispielsweise junge Männer nach vorheriger viraler Myokarditis) weiterhin vorteilhaft ist.…”

Section: Covid-19-mrna-impfstoffe Und Mögliche Kardiale Nebenwirkungenunclassified

COVID-19-mRNA-Impfstoffe und mögliche kardiale Nebenwirkungen

Bernhard¹,

Grni²

2022

Swiss Med Forum

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“…18]. De plus, la vaccination réduit le risque d' évolution grave de la maladie, pour laquelle il existe une association particulièrement forte avec une atteinte myocardique [17,19]. On peut dès lors partir du principe que, malgré une efficacité moindre contre les variants d'Omicron, la vaccination reste avantageuse, même et surtout chez les personnes présentant un risque élevé de myocardite (par exemple les jeunes hommes après une myocardite virale antérieure).…”

Section: Vaccins à Arnm Contre Le Covid-19 Et Effets Indésirables Car...unclassified

Vaccins à ARNm contre le COVID-19 et effets indésirables cardiaques potentiels

Bernhard¹,

Grni²

2022

Swiss Med Forum

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Risk of severe clinical outcomes among persons with SARS-CoV-2 infection with differing levels of vaccination during widespread Omicron (B.1.1.529) and Delta (B.1.617.2) variant circulation in Northern California: A retrospective cohort study

Cited by 49 publications

References 24 publications

Pre-Omicron Vaccine Breakthrough Infection Induces Superior Cross-Neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 Compared to Infection Alone

Pre-Omicron Vaccine Breakthrough Infection Induces Superior Cross-Neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 Compared to Infection Alone

COVID-19-mRNA-Impfstoffe und mögliche kardiale Nebenwirkungen

Vaccins à ARNm contre le COVID-19 et effets indésirables cardiaques potentiels

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