Risk of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Nurses and Congenital Infection in Their Offspring

Ahlfors, Karin; Ivarsson, Sten-Anders; Johnsson, Torsten; Renmarker, K

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1981.tb06233.x

Cited by 57 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Then they showed that after exposure to infected babies for 2 years, the attack rates of CMV infection in the health care worker were not higher than the control population in the community. Similar results were found in Sweden (Ahlfors et al, 1981b). Balfour and Balfour (1986) enrolled four study groups, i.e., transplant or hemorlialysis nurses, 204 neonatal intensive care nurses, 225 student nurses, and 251 blood donor controls, in an even moreextensive prospective study.…”

Section: Other Mechanisms Of Transmission and Transmission In The Wosupporting

confidence: 65%

Cytomegalovirus

1991

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All rights reserved 90-14345 CIP No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher Preface to the First EditionAlthough there are a number of excellent current reviews on one or another aspect of cytomegalovirus, the last comprehensive treatment of this subject was that of Krech et al. (197la). In view of the amazing advances in the virological, epidemiologic, and clinical knowledge of cytomegaloviruses, an up-to-date book is needed. Such a work should cover many areas of expertise and a voluminous technical literature. Each area might have been reviewed and analyzed by workers more expert than myself. However, I have embarked on the entire venture alone in order to attain unity and continuity in this book, characteristics that are not easily achieved in the more popular multiauthored works. I have tried to review the Iiterature and provide a critical summary for each area discussed. To do this, I provide as much of the primary data of the relevant works as needed and not just the qualitative conclusions. Inevitably, the flow of the narrative may be interrupted by dry facts and figures. However, such information is essential to make this a meaningful reference work. But for those not interested in such details, I have provided at what I hope are crucial points critiques and summaries.This book is not an exhaustive review of all the literature. This is probably no Ionger possible or even desirable. By selection, however, one runs the risk of having missed or ignored important papers. I am keenly aware of this, and I wish to apologize for such oversight, if that is possible.I visualize this work as being useful for physicians, scientists, and students interested in the biology of and infection by human cytomegalovirus. I feel that to understand these, the basic virology of this virus and related herpesviruses must be included. Topics that have not advanced a great deal and that are adequately described in available works, such as the anatomic pathology, have not been reviewed in detail. The emphasis has been placed on newer insights in the virology, immunology, serology, epidemiology, and especially clinical aspects of human cytomegalovirus. I wish tobring out the interactions of knowledge in these areas. Part II is a much shorter treatment of the nonhuman cytomegaloviruses, reviewed primarily from the point of view of their contribution to the understanding of the human virus. V vi Preface to the First Edition Finally, I wish to thank Drs. Charles R. Rinaldo, Jr., John A. Armstrong, and Donald N. Medearis for their critical review of the manuscript. Their suggestions were invaluable. Dr. John N. Dowling's thorough review of CMV infection in patients with malignancies was the basis of Section 13.4. I also acknowledge the indispensable and patient secretarial assistance of Ms.The remarkable medical events and advances in knowle...

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Section: Other Mechanisms Of Transmission and Transmission In The Wosupporting

confidence: 65%

Cytomegalovirus

1991

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“…CMV seroprevalence in the underlying population did not appear to be a predictor of the rate of seroconversion ( Figure 2B). Risk factors for seroconversion were only reported in a few studies, and included patient contact [21], contact with children [22] and extended contact with infants [23].…”

Section: Results In Healthcare Workersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytomegalovirus seroconversion rates and risk factors: implications for congenital CMV

Hyde

Schmid

Cannon

2010

Reviews in Medical Virology

236

159

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Congenital CMV infection is caused by in utero mother-to-fetus transmission and is a leading cause of birth defects and developmental disabilities. The highest risk of disability is to children born to women who have a primary infection during pregnancy, which can be detected by measuring seroconversion. We reviewed studies that reported rates of CMV seroconversion in different populations. Among pregnant women, annual seroconversion rates typically ranged from 1 to 7% (summary annual rate = 2.3%, 95% CI = 2.1-2.4%). Healthcare workers, including those caring for infants and children, had seroconversion rates similar to pregnant women (summary annual rate = 2.3%, 95% CI = 1.9-2.9%). Among day-care providers, seroconversion rates ranged from 0 to 12.5% (summary annual rate = 8.5%, 95% CI = 6.1-11.6%). Parents whose child was not shedding CMV were much less likely to seroconvert (summary annual rate = 2.1%, 95% CI = 0.3-6.8%) than were parents who had a child shedding CMV (summary annual rate = 24%, 95% CI = 18-30%). Nevertheless, over the course of a year, most parents exposed to a CMV-shedding child do not become infected. Other groups with elevated risk included families with a CMV-shedding member, female minority adolescents and women attending sexually transmitted disease clinics. The relatively low rate of CMV seroconversion in most populations is encouraging for behavioural interventions and for vaccine strategies attempting to prevent infection during pregnancy.

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“…The study above found that, when the CMV isolate obtained from the one nurse found to acquire infection during the study were compared with isolates from 34 out of the 35 babies, no two isolates were the same 16. Other epidemiological studies have found that, in studies of women working in paediatric clinics or day nurseries, there is no difference in CMV antibody seropositivity compared with women whose occupations did not involve direct care of infants 17 18. More importantly, when occupations of the mothers in 36 cases of congenital CMV were studied, there was no over-representation of nurses 17…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 93%

Postnatal cytomegalovirus: innocent bystander or hidden problem?

Luck¹

2008

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common pathogen, associated with mild illness in most immunocompetent people. Historically, research on CMV infection in the relatively immunocompromised premature and small-for-gestational age neonatal population has been neglected. Recent studies have not only defined factors important in the transmission of CMV, but also led to the suggestion of serious morbidity related to postnatal acquisition. The burden of postnatal CMV disease and the risk-benefit of screening and prevention strategies are all still unclear.

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Risk of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Nurses and Congenital Infection in Their Offspring

Cited by 57 publications

References 18 publications

Cytomegalovirus

Cytomegalovirus

Cytomegalovirus seroconversion rates and risk factors: implications for congenital CMV

Postnatal cytomegalovirus: innocent bystander or hidden problem?

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