“…OM is known to adversely impact the whole family unit, as well as the affected child (Crawford et al, 2017) In addition to the public health factors stated above (i.e., malnutrition, poverty, limited access to medical services), the greater prevalence of OM in low-resourced settings is further due to compromised immunity, early bacterial colonisation of the nasopharynx, limited access to immunisations, inadequate antibiotic treatments, exposure to tobacco smoke, poor hygiene, and crowding in household environments (Berman, 1995;Master, Wilkinson, & Wagner, 2018;Sartori et al, 2017). The severity of the hearing loss associated with OM is reported to be mild to moderate in over 50% of cases, and it may become a permanent sensorineural hearing loss without appropriate medical attention (de Azevedo, Pinto, de Souza, Greco, & Gonçalves, 2007;Ezeanolue, Okafor, & Obiakor, 2003;Kasliwal, Joshi, & Pareek, 2004;Singer, Awad, El-Kader, & Mohamed, 2018;WHO, 2004). Progression to advanced stages of OM may have severe, even fatal, consequences in LMICs (Akinpelu et al, 2008;Emmett, Kokesh, & Kaylie, 2018;Jain, Arora, Meher, Passey, & Bansal, 2017;Kangsanarak, Fooanant, Ruckphaopunt, Navacharoen, & Teotrakul, 1993;Magsi, Jamro, & Sangi, 2012;Maranhão, Andrade, Godofredo, Matos, & Penido, 2014;Maranhão, de Andrade, Godofredo, Matos, & Penido, 2013;Miura, Krumennauer, & Neto, 2005;Mostafa, El Fiky, & El Sharnouby, 2009;Mushi et al, 2016;Vikram, Khaja, Udayashankar, Venkatesha, & Manjunath, 2008;Vikram, Udayashankar, et al, 2008;Wahid, Khan, & Khan, 2014).…”