Risk factors of atherosclerosis in patients with history of breast cancer

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of the risk factor of atherosclerosis in patients with history of breast cancer. C-reactive protein, lipoprotein (a), cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, homocysteine, fibrinogen, glucose, magnesium, uric acid, and urinary albumin were determined by routine methods in 61 patients with history of breast cancer and 74 control subjects. Urinary neopterin and creatinine concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, and intima-media thickness was determined sonographically. Breast cancer patients were significantly older and also had higher systolic blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipoprotein (a), serum neopterin, and intima-media thickness. Serum HDL cholesterol and magnesium concentrations were significantly higher in controls compared with patients. Differential patterns of associations between the risk factors of atherosclerosis were observed in patients with history of breast cancer compared with controls. In conclusion, the prevalence of risk factors of atherosclerosis is high in patients with history of breast cancer. Differential associations between risk factors suggest possible differences in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in breast cancer patients and controls.

Risk factors of atherosclerosis during systemic therapy targeting vascular endothelial growth factor

“…Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was calculated using the following formula: LDL cholesterol = total cholesterol - triglycerides/2.2 - HDL cholesterol. Glycosylated hemoglobin was determined by high performance ion-exchange liquid chromatography using Arkray Adams HA-8180V analyzer (Arkray, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan) ( 22 ). Determination of the total homocysteine levels in the plasma was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection performed at 385 nm excitation and 515 nm emission using the HPLC HP 1100 system (Hewlett-Packard, Waldbronn, Germany), as previously reported ( 22 ).…”

“…Glycosylated hemoglobin was determined by high performance ion-exchange liquid chromatography using Arkray Adams HA-8180V analyzer (Arkray, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan) ( 22 ). Determination of the total homocysteine levels in the plasma was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection performed at 385 nm excitation and 515 nm emission using the HPLC HP 1100 system (Hewlett-Packard, Waldbronn, Germany), as previously reported ( 22 ). The measurement of creatinine levels was performed using an enzymatic method with photometric detection, using a commercially available kit on Cobas 8000 system.…”

“…To assess IMT, carotid arteries were evaluated by two-dimensional imaging using the Philips iE33 ultrasound scanner (Philips Medical Systems, Bothell, WA, USA) with a 3–10 MHz transducer, as previously described ( 22 ). The IMT, which was defined as the distance between the echogenic lines representing blood-intima interface and media-adventitia interface, was measured on the posterior wall of the carotid artery in the longitudinal plane and evaluated bilaterally at two levels.…”