Risk factors for the onset of panic and generalised anxiety disorders in the general adult population: A systematic review of cohort studies

Moreno-Peral, Patrícia; Conejo-Cerón, Sonia; Motrico, Emma; Rodríguez-Morejón, Alberto; Fernández, Anna; Garcı́a-Campayo, Javier; Roca, Miquel; Serrano‐Blanco, Antoni; Rubio-Valera, María; Bellón, Juan Ángel

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.06.021

Cited by 149 publications

(101 citation statements)

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“…Epidemiological studies have consistently found the gender differences in many mental disorders, for example, women are more likely to suffer mood and anxiety disorders [13, 14], but they report lower rates of substance abuse than men [15]. Large-scale epidemiological studies have consistent identified gender differences in the prevalence of internalizing and substance use disorders in the general population, with females suffering an increased risk of internalizing disorders and males of externalizing disorders [16, 17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender moderates the relationship between childhood abuse and internalizing and substance use disorders later in life: a cross-sectional analysis

Meng

D’Arcy

2016

BMC Psychiatry

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BackgroundAlthough some studies examined the moderating role of gender in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and mental disorders later in life, a number of them examined the effects of only one or two types of maltreatment on an individual mental disorder, for instance, depression, substance use. It is of considerable clinical and theoretical importance to have in-depth understanding what roles of different types of childhood abuse play out in a wide range of mental disorders among women and men using well accepted instruments measuring abuse and mental disorders. The present study aimed to examine this issue using a large nationally representative population sample to explore the gender effect of different types of childhood abuse in mental disorders, and assess the moderating role of gender in the abuse-mental disorder relationship.MethodsUsing data from the Canadian Community Health Survey 2012: Mental Health we sought to answer this question. Respondents with information on childhood maltreatment prior to age 16 were selected (N = 23, 395).ResultsWe found: i) strong associations between childhood abuse frequency and gender; ii) significant differences between men and women in terms of mental disorders; iii) strong associations between childhood abuse and mental disorders; and, iv) gender moderated the role of childhood abuse history on adulthood mental disorders. Females with a history of sexual abuse and/or exposure to interpersonal violence were at a greater risk of alcohol abuse or dependence later in life.ConclusionsIntervention should occur as early as possible, and should help female victims of childhood sexual abuse and/or exposure to interpersonal violence, and their families to build more constructive ways to effectively reduce the negative affects of these experiences. Recognition of the moderating role of gender on the relationship between childhood abuse history and mental disorders later in life may aid clinicians and researchers in providing optimal health services.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender moderates the relationship between childhood abuse and internalizing and substance use disorders later in life: a cross-sectional analysis

Meng

D’Arcy

2016

BMC Psychiatry

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“…We believe that when patients respond that they are taking medication for anxiety, depression or stress, it should be understood as an intermediate variable related to one or more mental health disorder, such as depression, dysthymia, insomnia, addictions, personality disorders, adjustment disorders or other minor emotional problems. We have checked this with our data and this may be true at least in the case of major depression (see the results section); additionally, suffering other mental disorders is a well known risk factor for anxiety disorders [54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Predicting the Onset of Anxiety Syndromes at 12 Months in Primary Care Attendees. The PredictA-Spain Study

et al. 2014

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BackgroundThere are no risk algorithms for the onset of anxiety syndromes at 12 months in primary care. We aimed to develop and validate internally a risk algorithm to predict the onset of anxiety syndromes at 12 months.MethodsA prospective cohort study with evaluations at baseline, 6 and 12 months. We measured 39 known risk factors and used multilevel logistic regression and inverse probability weighting to build the risk algorithm. Our main outcome was generalized anxiety, panic and other non-specific anxiety syndromes as measured by the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders, Patient Health Questionnaire (PRIME-MD-PHQ). We recruited 3,564 adult primary care attendees without anxiety syndromes from 174 family physicians and 32 health centers in 6 Spanish provinces.ResultsThe cumulative 12-month incidence of anxiety syndromes was 12.2%. The predictA-Spain risk algorithm included the following predictors of anxiety syndromes: province; sex (female); younger age; taking medicines for anxiety, depression or stress; worse physical and mental quality of life (SF-12); dissatisfaction with paid and unpaid work; perception of financial strain; and the interactions sex*age, sex*perception of financial strain, and age*dissatisfaction with paid work. The C-index was 0.80 (95% confidence interval = 0.78–0.83) and the Hedges' g = 1.17 (95% confidence interval = 1.04–1.29). The Copas shrinkage factor was 0.98 and calibration plots showed an accurate goodness of fit.ConclusionsThe predictA-Spain risk algorithm is valid to predict anxiety syndromes at 12 months. Although external validation is required, the predictA-Spain is available for use as a predictive tool in the prevention of anxiety syndromes in primary care.

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“…Although we did not examine short-term substitution or complementarity during adolescence or young adulthood, our results suggest long-term complementarity and support the argument that allowing access to alcohol during adolescence could lead to more drug use problems in adulthood. One possible mechanism for such an effect could involve the contribution of alcohol problems to psychopathology such as mood or anxiety disorders (Cairns et al, 2014; Fergusson et al, 2009; Moreno-Peral et al, 2014; Wang and Patten, 2002). This could lead to misuse of prescription drugs, which we found to be the most commonly used drugs among this cohort (after marijuana).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term effects of minimum legal drinking age laws on marijuana and other illicit drug use in adulthood

Krauss

Cavazos‐Rehg

Agrawal

et al. 2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Exposure to permissive minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) laws (ability to purchase alcohol <21 years) during adolescence can have long-term effects, including heavy alcohol use or alcohol use disorders as adults. We examined whether exposure to permissive MLDA laws during adolescence has long-term effects on illicit drug use and disorders in adulthood. Methods Participants from the 2004-2012 National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) were linked with historical state MLDA laws. Participants born in 1949-1972 (age 31-63 years at observation, n=110,300) were analyzed because they came of legal age for alcohol purchase when changes occurred in state MLDA laws. Logistic regression was used to model drug use measures as a function of exposure to permissive MLDA during adolescence, adjusting for state and birth-year fixed effects, demographics, and salient state characteristics. Results Rates of past month use, past year use, and abuse/dependence of marijuana were 4.7%, 7.8%, and 1.2% respectively. Rates of past month use, past year use, and abuse/dependence of illicit drugs other than marijuana were 2.9%, 6.2%, and 0.7%, respectively. Among the full sample, exposure to permissive MLDA laws was not significantly associated with drug use or abuse/dependence in adulthood. Men exposed to permissive MLDA laws were at 20% increased odds of past year illicit drug use (aOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.09-1.32). Conclusions Restricting alcohol access during adolescence did not increase long-term drug use. Allowing the purchase of alcohol among those less than 21 years of age could increase the risk of drug use later in life.

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Risk factors for the onset of panic and generalised anxiety disorders in the general adult population: A systematic review of cohort studies

Cited by 149 publications

References 50 publications

Gender moderates the relationship between childhood abuse and internalizing and substance use disorders later in life: a cross-sectional analysis

Gender moderates the relationship between childhood abuse and internalizing and substance use disorders later in life: a cross-sectional analysis

Predicting the Onset of Anxiety Syndromes at 12 Months in Primary Care Attendees. The PredictA-Spain Study

Long-term effects of minimum legal drinking age laws on marijuana and other illicit drug use in adulthood

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