Risk factors for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women – from the point of view of primary care gynecologist

Abstract

IntroductionOsteoporosis is a highly prevalent public health problem with osteoporosis-related fractures that account for high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, prevention strategies and early detection of osteoporosis should be carried out in primary gynaecological care units, so as to substantially reduce the risk of fractures and allow the best treatment option for a particular woman.MethodsFrom 2002 to 2011, we recruited 2956 women. Of the total number of women, we additionally extrapolated 1274 women aged 60-75 years, assumingly, the group of women at higher risk of osteoporosis. Demographic and anthropometrical data as well as the information regarding risk factors for osteoporosis were collected using a questionnaire.ResultsThe odds ratio for osteoporosis increased by 8% (p=0.001) with each additional year of life. The OP prevalence increased with age from 24.9% in 60-64 years to 37.4% in 70-75 years. In non-smokers the odds ratio for osteoporosis was 0.424, which was statistically significant (p<0.05). BMI <18.5 increased the odds ratio for osteoporosis by 2 times, which was not statistically significant. In women 60-75 years old (N=1274), the risk of fractures increased with increasing age, considering previous fractures in the last 5 years (p<0.001), hip fracture (p=0.001), wrist fracture (p=0.002) and observed height loss (p<0.001). Hormone therapy (HT) use decreased the prevalence of OP by 25% in comparison with non-users.ConclusionPrimary care gynaecologist with a DXA centre has every opportunity for a holistic approach to the management of postmenopausal women, including the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

The impact of osteoporosis on health-related quality of life in elderly women

“…According to the WHO, 30% of women over the age of 50 have osteoporosis [19]. Similarly, a recent study estimated that 29.9% of postmenopausal women in the United States had osteoporosis [20], and a study conducted in Slovenia found that the prevalence of osteoporosis increased with age from 24.9% in patients aged 60-64 y to 37.4% in patients aged 70-75 y [21]. However, the reported prevalence of osteoporosis in women varies widely across countries with 9% reported in the United Kingdom, 15% in France and Germany, 16% in the United States, and a prevalence of 38% reported in Japan [22].…”

The epidemiology of spinal fractures in a level 2 trauma center in Kuwait

“…This could be related to the impact of aging on bone density, muscle strength, and balance in the older population, which increases the risk of falling and consequently increases the risk of spinal fractures. 25 , 27 , 28 In addition, a significantly higher frequency of FFH was identified among non-Kuwaitis. Ultimately, preventive programs could be directed toward two routes: (1) increasing traffic safety measures for younger adults; (2) reducing the effect of aging on bone density, strength, and balance in older adults by increasing their awareness through public health systems, and through preventive programs; and (3) increasing work-related safety measures for non-Kuwaiti workers.…”

“…The reduction in the prevalence of spinal fractures in men over the age of 50 years old could be related to the post-menopausal osteoporotic factor in women, where at the age of 50, the risk of fractures due to osteoporosis reaches 40%, and this increases women’s risk of sustaining spinal traumatic fractures. 25 This observation suggests that osteoporosis could be an important factor to consider in future research and preventive programs. In addition, spinal fractures were found to be more prevalent among Kuwaitis.…”

MicroRNA-151a-3p Functions in the Regulation of Osteoclast Differentiation: Significance to Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

“…1 It is a systemic chronic bone disease without obvious clinical symptoms, and it is mainly caused by postmenopausal ovarian dysfunction, decrease of estrogen level, and degeneration of bone microstructure. 2 The incidence of pathological fracture, a serious complication of OP, is more than 70%. 3 With the rapid rise in the proportion of the elderly population, the incidence rate of OP has also increased significantly.…”