Risk Factors for Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Carriage upon Admission to the Intensive Care Unit

Fernández-Martínez, Nicolás Francisco; Cárcel-Fernández, Sheila; Fuente-Martos, C. De La; Ruiz-Montero, Rafael; Guzman-Herrador, Bernardo; León‐López, Rafael; Gómez, Francisco Javier; Guzmán-Puche, Julia; Martínez-Martínez, Luis; Salcedo-Leal, Inmaculada

doi:10.3390/ijerph19031039

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…A limitation of our study include the inability to capture other possible risk factors such as the length of stay in the health facility, previous antibiotic uptake and clinical history. Previous studies have reported them as risk factors associated with the infection by multidrug-resistant organisms in developed and developing countries 72 – 74 . However, due to the non-availability of such data, we were unable to investigate them in our context.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial infections epidemiology and factors associated with multidrug resistance in the northern region of Ghana

Gnimatin

Weyori²,

Agossou

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Bacterial infections caused by multidrug resistant organisms are a major global threat. There is still a knowledge gap on this situation in the Northern Region of Ghana. This study determined the prevalence and resistance profile of bacterial infections. It also identified factors associated with multidrug resistance in the study area. This was a retrospective cross-sectional design and it analyzed data from the samples received at the Tamale Zonal Public Health Reference Laboratory from June 2018 to May 2022. The data were analyzed using the R software version 4.2.0. Univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to determine the factors associated with multidrug resistance. The samples included all specimen types possible. The specimens were collected for the purpose of clinical bacteriology diagnostics. Overall a total of 1222 isolates were obtained. The three (3) main bacteria responsible for infections were: Klebsiella spp. (27%), Moraxella spp. (22%), Escherichia spp. (16%). High resistance levels were found against the tested antibiotics and about 41.60% of the bacterial strains isolated were multidrug resistant. Hospitalization was associated with multidrug resistance in univariate (COR 1.96; 95% CI 1.43–2.71; P-value < 0.001) and multivariable analyses (AOR 1.78; 95% CI 1.28–2.49; P-value < 0.001). There is the need for further research on the molecular epidemiology of antibiotic resistance genes in the study area to effectively control the spread of multidrug resistant pathogens. In addition, efforts to build the capacity of health professionals on infection prevention and control as well as diagnostic and antimicrobial stewardship needs urgent attention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial infections epidemiology and factors associated with multidrug resistance in the northern region of Ghana

Gnimatin

Weyori²,

Agossou

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Multidrug resistance (MDR) in bacterial pathogens is regarded as a global health challenge and represents a serious problem for public health leading to high mortality in human [ 1 – 4 ]. Globalization, overuse of antibiotics, and self-medication are the most responsible factors spreading antibiotic resistance [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory potentials of Streptomyces exfoliatus strain ‘MUJA10’ against bacterial pathogens isolated from rural areas in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

AlAhadeb

2022

PLoS ONE

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Healthcare-associated infections are resulting in human morbidity and mortality worldwide. These infections are directly proportional to increased multidrug resistance (MDR), which limits antibiotic treatment and make the treatment of infections challenging. Streptomyces spp. are well known to produce various biologically active compounds. Therefore, these are considered as promising biological control agents against wide range of bacterial pathogens. This study was conducted to isolate and identify the most efficient antibiotic-producing Streptomyces St 45 isolate against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29737, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC25566, E. coli 0157h7 ATCC25922 and Bacillus subtilis. A total 40 soil and 10 water (from wells) samples were processed using standard microbiological techniques at King Faisal Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The selected Streptomyces St 45 isolate was grown to produce biologically active metabolites, and the minimum concentration (MIC) was determined. Sixty isolates with antibacterial properties were selected. The 16s rRNA gene analysis was used to identify the strongest Streptomyces St 45 strain. The highest zone of inhibition (ZOI) was provided by ‘MUJA10’ strain of S. exfoliatus against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29737 (51.33 ± 2.15 mm). The MIC value of ‘MUJA10’ metabolite of S. exfoliatus strain against Salmonella typhimurium ATCC25566 and E. coli 0157h7 ATCC25922 was 0.125 mg/ml. However, Bacillus subtilis had a MIC of 0.625 mg/ml and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29737 had a MIC of 2.5 mg/ml. In conclusion, Streptomyces exfoliatus strain ‘MUJA10’ obtained from soil exhibited high inhibitory potential against human pathogens. The 16s rRNA gene analysis revealed that Streptomyces St 45 isolate was similar to Streptomyces exfoliatus A156.7 with 98% similarity and confirmed as Streptomyces exfoliates ‘MUJA10’ at gene bank with gene accession number OL720257.

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“…At the individual level, patients with antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative pneumonia are more likely to have been treated previously with antibiotics, be bed-bound, have longer lengths of hospitalisation, have a previous microbiology history of resistant organisms, and to have certain acute and chronic medical comorbidities, with variation by hospital case-mix and region [16,[24][25][26][27][28][29]. Understanding the risk factors for infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms is crucial for effective empiric treatment decision making.…”

Section: Gcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

The threat of multidrug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative respiratory infections: another pandemic

Reynolds

Burnham²,

Guillamet³

et al. 2022

Eur Respir Rev

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Antibiotic resistance is recognised as a global threat to human health by national healthcare agencies, governments and medical societies, as well as the World Health Organization. Increasing resistance to available antimicrobial agents is of concern for bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic pathogens. One of the greatest concerns is the continuing escalation of antimicrobial resistance among Gram-negative bacteria resulting in the endemic presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extremely drug-resistant (XDR) pathogens. This concern is heightened by the identification of such MDR/XDR Gram-negative bacteria in water and food sources, as colonisers of the intestine and other locations in both hospitalised patients and individuals in the community, and as agents of all types of infections. Pneumonia and other types of respiratory infections are among the most common infections caused by MDR/XDR Gram-negative bacteria and are associated with high rates of mortality. Future concerns are already heightened due to emergence of resistance to all existing antimicrobial agents developed in the past decade to treat MDR/XDR Gram-negative bacteria and a scarcity of novel agents in the developmental pipeline. This clinical scenario increases the likelihood of a future pandemic caused by MDR/XDR Gram-negative bacteria.

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Risk Factors for Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Carriage upon Admission to the Intensive Care Unit

Cited by 16 publications

References 46 publications

Bacterial infections epidemiology and factors associated with multidrug resistance in the northern region of Ghana

Bacterial infections epidemiology and factors associated with multidrug resistance in the northern region of Ghana

Inhibitory potentials of Streptomyces exfoliatus strain ‘MUJA10’ against bacterial pathogens isolated from rural areas in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

The threat of multidrug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative respiratory infections: another pandemic

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