Risk Factors for Ischemic Ocular Motor Nerve Palsies

Vascular Risk Factors in Isolated Microvascular Ischemic Third Nerve Palsy: A Population-Based Study

“…This is consistent with the findings from the study performed in Korea by Jung et al (3). Contrary to our study, Jacobson et al (4) found no relationship between hypertension alone and ocular motor nerve cranial nerve palsies, but they did note that left ventricular hypertrophy was independently associated with ischemic ocular motor nerve palsy, which represents end organ damage caused by hypertension. Interestingly, when potential vascular risk factors were evaluated in patients with isolated sixth nerve palsy using the REP, hypertension was also not independently associated with microvascular ischemic sixth nerve palsies, but the OR was highest in patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension (2).…”

“…Although smoking affects vascular diseases such as peripheral artery disease, carotid artery disease, and abdominal artery aneurysms, it was not found to be a risk factor for microvascular ischemic TNP in this cohort, similar to other investigations (3,4,13).…”

“…Interestingly, the study by Jung et al was conducted in Asians, whose dietary patterns are different from Whites, including a lower intake of fat (18). Accordingly, the study by Jacobson et al conducted in the United States had similar findings to ours, which showed 30 of 65 patients (46%) had hypercholesterolemia, but was not significantly different when compared with controls (4).…”

Vascular Risk Factors in Isolated Microvascular Ischemic Third Nerve Palsy: A Population-Based Study

“…This is consistent with the findings from the study performed in Korea by Jung et al (3). Contrary to our study, Jacobson et al (4) found no relationship between hypertension alone and ocular motor nerve cranial nerve palsies, but they did note that left ventricular hypertrophy was independently associated with ischemic ocular motor nerve palsy, which represents end organ damage caused by hypertension. Interestingly, when potential vascular risk factors were evaluated in patients with isolated sixth nerve palsy using the REP, hypertension was also not independently associated with microvascular ischemic sixth nerve palsies, but the OR was highest in patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension (2).…”

“…Although smoking affects vascular diseases such as peripheral artery disease, carotid artery disease, and abdominal artery aneurysms, it was not found to be a risk factor for microvascular ischemic TNP in this cohort, similar to other investigations (3,4,13).…”

“…Interestingly, the study by Jung et al was conducted in Asians, whose dietary patterns are different from Whites, including a lower intake of fat (18). Accordingly, the study by Jacobson et al conducted in the United States had similar findings to ours, which showed 30 of 65 patients (46%) had hypercholesterolemia, but was not significantly different when compared with controls (4).…”

Isolated Third, Fourth, and Sixth Cranial Nerve Palsies from Presumed Microvascular versus Other Causes

“…The presence of at least one vasculopathic risk factor was significantly associated with presumed microvascular cause similar to findings in other studies 28, 29, 36, 37 . Nonetheless, vasculopathic risk factors were also present in over 60% (11/18) of patients with other causes.…”

The diagnostic dilemma of neuro-imaging in acute isolated sixth nerve palsy

“…Coexistent diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension conferred an eight-fold increase. These findings are similar to those of a prior study performed by Jacobson et al [23], which found arterial hypertension alone was not a risk factor for ischemic ocular motor nerve palsy (although diabetes mellitus and LVH were found to be risk factors). It should be noted that Jacobson et al [23] exclusively examined patients older than 50 years of age, a study population in keeping with a greater incidence of microvascular ischemic ocular motor cranial nerve palsy.…”

Vascular Risk Factors in Isolated Microvascular Ischemic Third Nerve Palsy: A Population-Based Study

“…This is consistent with the findings from the study performed in Korea by Jung et al (3). Contrary to our study, Jacobson et al (4) found no relationship between hypertension alone and ocular motor nerve cranial nerve palsies, but they did note that left ventricular hypertrophy was independently associated with ischemic ocular motor nerve palsy, which represents end organ damage caused by hypertension. Interestingly, when potential vascular risk factors were evaluated in patients with isolated sixth nerve palsy using the REP, hypertension was also not independently associated with microvascular ischemic sixth nerve palsies, but the OR was highest in patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension (2).…”

“…Although smoking affects vascular diseases such as peripheral artery disease, carotid artery disease, and abdominal artery aneurysms, it was not found to be a risk factor for microvascular ischemic TNP in this cohort, similar to other investigations (3,4,13).…”

“…Interestingly, the study by Jung et al was conducted in Asians, whose dietary patterns are different from Whites, including a lower intake of fat (18). Accordingly, the study by Jacobson et al conducted in the United States had similar findings to ours, which showed 30 of 65 patients (46%) had hypercholesterolemia, but was not significantly different when compared with controls (4).…”

Isolated Third, Fourth, and Sixth Cranial Nerve Palsies from Presumed Microvascular versus Other Causes

“…The presence of at least one vasculopathic risk factor was significantly associated with presumed microvascular cause similar to findings in other studies 28, 29, 36, 37 . Nonetheless, vasculopathic risk factors were also present in over 60% (11/18) of patients with other causes.…”

The diagnostic dilemma of neuro-imaging in acute isolated sixth nerve palsy

“…Coexistent diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension conferred an eight-fold increase. These findings are similar to those of a prior study performed by Jacobson et al [23], which found arterial hypertension alone was not a risk factor for ischemic ocular motor nerve palsy (although diabetes mellitus and LVH were found to be risk factors). It should be noted that Jacobson et al [23] exclusively examined patients older than 50 years of age, a study population in keeping with a greater incidence of microvascular ischemic ocular motor cranial nerve palsy.…”

Vascular Risk Factors in Isolated Microvascular Ischemic Third Nerve Palsy: A Population-Based Study

“…This is consistent with the findings from the study performed in Korea by Jung et al (3). Contrary to our study, Jacobson et al (4) found no relationship between hypertension alone and ocular motor nerve cranial nerve palsies, but they did note that left ventricular hypertrophy was independently associated with ischemic ocular motor nerve palsy, which represents end organ damage caused by hypertension. Interestingly, when potential vascular risk factors were evaluated in patients with isolated sixth nerve palsy using the REP, hypertension was also not independently associated with microvascular ischemic sixth nerve palsies, but the OR was highest in patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension (2).…”

“…Although smoking affects vascular diseases such as peripheral artery disease, carotid artery disease, and abdominal artery aneurysms, it was not found to be a risk factor for microvascular ischemic TNP in this cohort, similar to other investigations (3,4,13).…”

“…Interestingly, the study by Jung et al was conducted in Asians, whose dietary patterns are different from Whites, including a lower intake of fat (18). Accordingly, the study by Jacobson et al conducted in the United States had similar findings to ours, which showed 30 of 65 patients (46%) had hypercholesterolemia, but was not significantly different when compared with controls (4).…”

Isolated Third, Fourth, and Sixth Cranial Nerve Palsies from Presumed Microvascular versus Other Causes

“…The presence of at least one vasculopathic risk factor was significantly associated with presumed microvascular cause similar to findings in other studies 28, 29, 36, 37 . Nonetheless, vasculopathic risk factors were also present in over 60% (11/18) of patients with other causes.…”

The diagnostic dilemma of neuro-imaging in acute isolated sixth nerve palsy

“…Coexistent diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension conferred an eight-fold increase. These findings are similar to those of a prior study performed by Jacobson et al [23], which found arterial hypertension alone was not a risk factor for ischemic ocular motor nerve palsy (although diabetes mellitus and LVH were found to be risk factors). It should be noted that Jacobson et al [23] exclusively examined patients older than 50 years of age, a study population in keeping with a greater incidence of microvascular ischemic ocular motor cranial nerve palsy.…”