Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy in women with symptomatic first-trimester pregnancies

Barnhart, Kurt T.; Sammel, Mary D.; Gracia, Clarisa R.; Chittams, Jesse; Hummel, Amy; Shaunik, Alka

doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.12.023

Cited by 155 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Major risk factors for EP include damage to the fallopian tubes from previous pelvic inflammatory disease, tubal surgery and a previous EP [2,3]. Minor risk factors include a history of cigarette smoking, age over 35 years and many lifetime sexual partners [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Minor risk factors include a history of cigarette smoking, age over 35 years and many lifetime sexual partners [2]. There is no clear association between EP and the use of oral contraceptives, previous elective pregnancy termination, uncomplicated miscarriage or caesarean section [2,3]. Pregnancy with an intrauterine device in place or after a tubal ligation is rare, but an estimated 25 to 50% of such pregnancies are ectopic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the use of assisted reproductive techniques, especially in vitro fertilization, increases the risk of EP, even among women who do not have damaged fallopian tubes. However, about half of all women diagnosed as EP do not have any of these known risk factors [3,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ectopic pregnancy: Are fair-colored women at increased risk?

Opoku¹,

Nguah²,

Azanu³

2013

Gynecol

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Ectopic pregnancies complicate 1-2% of pregnancies and are potentially fatal as rupture causes severe intra-peritoneal haemorrhage. Both major and minor risk factors have been known for several years. These include damage to the fallopian tubes following previous pelvic infections and tubal surgery. Being fair colored in black women has been suspected to be a risk factor in Ghana for several years despite this not being found in any literature search. A matched case controlled study conducted in Ghana to ascertain this found a highly significant association between ectopic pregnancy and fair skin complexion (p < 0.001 at 95% confidence intervals) irrespective of whether the fairness is natural or artificially induced with skin bleaching creams and soaps. The study found no association between ectopic pregnancy and previous pelvic surgery (p= 0.389), neither was there any association with lifetime sexual partners (p=0.383), previous pelvic infections (p= 0.389) or previous termination of pregnancy (p-value 0.485).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ectopic pregnancy: Are fair-colored women at increased risk?

Opoku¹,

Nguah²,

Azanu³

2013

Gynecol

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“…Prior tubal damage confers the highest risk for ectopic pregnancy. 1 Twin tubal pregnancy with both embryos in the same tube as well as with one in each tube has also been reported. The estimated incidence of bilateral tubal pregnancy is 1 in 725 to 1in 1580 of all ectopic pregnancies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Concurrent bilateral ectopic pregnancy: a rarity

Kaur

Miglani

Kadam

et al. 2015

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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“…[7][8][9][10][11][12] Identifying these risk factors among high risk mothers helps in early diagnosis and reduces the morbidity related to this condition. 13 Unfortunately, most of the patients presenting with EP do not have risk factors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of various types of ectopic pregnancies: a five-year review

Poornima

Lalitha

et al. 2018

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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Background: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a common, life threatening emergency during the first trimester and a significant cause for maternal morbidity and mortality. In any woman of reproductive age presenting with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding, ectopic pregnancy should be considered. The objectives of the present study is to determine the incidence, risk factors, clinical presentation, type of ectopic pregnancy, treatment, morbidity and mortality.Methods: Retrospective analysis of case sheets of patients admitted with ectopic pregnancy at PSGIMSR, Coimbatore during the period July 2011 to June 2016 was done. The details noted were age, parity, risk factors {previous abortion, previous EP, previous pelvic surgery, intrauterine contraceptive device, tubectomy, history of pelvic inflammatory disease}, treatment for infertility, clinical presentation, ultrasound findings, investigations including beta HCG value and hemoglobin level, treatment offered, need for blood transfusion, operative findings and morbidity.Results: During the five year, there were 12,407 deliveries at our hospitals and 88 cases of ectopic pregnancies were managed. The incidence is 6.6/1000 deliveries. Among them 44% belonged to the age group of 25-30 years and multi gravida were 73.8%. Most common risk factors were previous abortion (23.8%) and previous surgeries including caesarean section, tubectomy, appendicectomy, tubal microsurgery (23.8%). Most common presentation was pain abdomen (85.2%). Out of the 88 cases, 73 patients were managed surgically (82.9%) and 11 cases were managed successfully with methotrexate (12.5%). Three of them underwent conservative management and one had Uterine Artery Embolization.Conclusions: Early diagnosis based on risk factors and timely intervention plays a main role in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with ectopic pregnancy.

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Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy in women with symptomatic first-trimester pregnancies

Cited by 155 publications

References 30 publications

Ectopic pregnancy: Are fair-colored women at increased risk?

Ectopic pregnancy: Are fair-colored women at increased risk?

Concurrent bilateral ectopic pregnancy: a rarity

Analysis of various types of ectopic pregnancies: a five-year review

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