Risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in a Southern Chinese population

Donnan, Stuart; Ho, Suzanne C.; Woo, Jean; Wong, S. L.; Woo, Kam-Sang; Tse, C.Y.; Chan, K.K.; Kay, Chiu-San; Cheung, Ka-Ming; Mak, K.-H.

doi:10.1016/1047-2797(94)90042-6

Cited by 36 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…However, almost all such studies come from long-term industrialized countries where the reversal of the social patterning of ischemic heart disease in men has already taken place, and the gradation between levels of childhood conditions is not comparable with the difference between pre-industrial conditions in Guangdong and economically developed Hong Kong. There is one case-control study from Hong Kong where acute myocardial infarction had little association with education or childhood crowding, but was associated with a non-working mother, infrequent meat consumption as a child and inadequate food intake as a child [58]. These inconsistent findings are difficult to interpret as most cases did not answer the questions on childhood diet [59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Environment and Sex Differences in Lipids, Body Shape and Diabetes Risk

et al. 2007

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BackgroundSex differences in lipids and body shape, but not diabetes, increase at puberty. Hong Kong Chinese are mainly first or second generation migrants from China, who have shared an economically developed environment for years, but grew up in very different environments in Hong Kong or contemporaneously undeveloped Guangdong, China. We assessed if environment during growth had sex-specific associations with lipids and body shape, but not diabetes.Methodology and Principal FindingsWe used multivariable regression in a population-based cross-sectional study, undertaken from 1994 to 1996, of 2537 Hong Kong Chinese residents aged 25 to 74 years with clinical measurements of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) risk, including HDL-cholesterol, ApoB, diabetes and obesity. Waist-hip ratio was higher (mean difference 0.01, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.02) in men, who had grown up in an economically developed rather than undeveloped environment, as was apolipoprotein B (0.05 g/L, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.10), adjusted for age, socio-economic status and lifestyle. In contrast, the same comparison was associated in women with lower waist-hip ratio (−0.01, 95% CI −0.001 to −0.02) and higher HDL-cholesterol (0.05 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.0004 to 0.10). The associations in men and women were significantly different (p-values<0.001). There were no such differences for diabetes.ConclusionsGrowth in a developed environment with improved nutrition may promote higher sex-steroids at puberty producing an atherogenic lipid profile and male fat pattern in men but the opposite in women, with tracking of increased male IHD risk into adult life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Environment and Sex Differences in Lipids, Body Shape and Diabetes Risk

et al. 2007

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“…19 Although the mean serum cholesterol among Chinese is low (mean 4.2 mmol/L at baseline) by western standards, serum cholesterol was directly related (continuous relationship) to CHD mortality even at relatively low levels. 20 Cigarette smoking is highly prevalent among Chinese males (over 60%) and increasing.…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases

Yusuf

Reddy²,

Ôunpuu³

et al. 2001

Circulation

972

353

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Abstract-This two-part article provides an overview of the global burden of atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease. Part I initially discusses the epidemiological transition which has resulted in a decrease in deaths in childhood due to infections, with a concomitant increase in cardiovascular and other chronic diseases; and then provides estimates of the burden of cardiovascular (CV) diseases with specific focus on the developing countries. Next, we summarize key information on risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and indicate that their importance may have been underestimated. Then, we describe overarching factors influencing variations in CVD by ethnicity and region and the influence of urbanization. Part II of this article describes the burden of CV disease by specific region or ethnic group, the risk factors of importance, and possible strategies for prevention. (Circulation. 2001;104:2855-2864.)

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“…Since cardiovascular diseases are common in the elderly, it is of particular interest to assess the importance of these risk factors in the old-old age group. Available data in Hong Kong Chinese show that risk factors for mycocardial infarction are similar to Caucasians -factors identified were cigarette smoking, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and physical inactivity [6]. To determine the importance of these risk factors in the old-old age group, a prospective study was conducted in elderly Chinese aged 70 years and over, relating baseline risk factor profile with development of stroke, heart disease, and overally mortality at 18 months.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and 18-Month Mortality and Morbidity in an Elderly Chinese Population Aged 70 Years and Over

Woo¹,

Ho²,

Yuen³

et al. 1997

Gerontology

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Objective: To determine the influence of some cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking habit, physical activity, obesity, adverse lipid profile) in elderly Chinese aged 70 years and over, on overall mortality and morbidity from stroke and ischaemic heart disease. Design: Longitudinal study relating 18-month outcome to baseline values. Subjects: 2,032 subjects (999 men, 1,033 women), mean age 80 years, recruited by random sampling of the Old Age and Disability Allowance Schemes, which covers 90% of the Hong Kong elderly subjects, stratified by sex and 5-year age groups from 70 years onwards. Methods: At baseline, subjects were visited by interviewers to collect information regarding medical conditions, smoking habit, physical activity, and to measure their height, weight, skinfold thickness, and waist/hip ratio. A follow-up survey was carried out 18 months later to establish the development of any new stroke or ischaemic heart disease, and to note any deaths and the cause of such deaths from death certification. Results: In multivariate analysis overall mortality was negatively associated with body mass index and participation in physical activity, after adjusting for age and sex. Death from stroke was associated with a higher systolic blood pressure at baseline. Among survivors, the only significant associations observed were a negative association between body mass index and the development of heart disease, and a positive association between systolic blood pressure and development of stroke. Conclusions: Few associations between cardiovascular risk factors and morbidity and mortality were demonstrated in elderly Chinese with a mean age of 80 years. The only modifiable risk factor appears to be systolic blood pressure.

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Risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in a Southern Chinese population

Cited by 36 publications

References 39 publications

Growth Environment and Sex Differences in Lipids, Body Shape and Diabetes Risk

Growth Environment and Sex Differences in Lipids, Body Shape and Diabetes Risk

Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and 18-Month Mortality and Morbidity in an Elderly Chinese Population Aged 70 Years and Over

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