Risk Factors and Causes of Male Infertility-A Review

Mahat, Roshan Kumar; Arora, Manisha

doi:10.4172/2161-1009.1000271

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Among the determinants of male infertility are: age, smoking, obesity, alcohol and caffeinated beverages consumption, stress, electronic devices, scrotal temperature, some drugs. Our findings of male infertility corresponds with the findings of Mahat et al 10 . Besides, some structural factors of male genital tract, like varicocele, endocrine disorders, male reproductive tract infection, ejaculatory disorders, immunological factors, genetic and chromosomal defects also cause male infertility.…”

Section: Table-iv: Personal History and Family History Of The Couple ...supporting

confidence: 93%

Causes of Infertility among the Couples Who are Attending the Infertility OPD of BSMMU

et al. 2023

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Introduction: Infertility may be defined as inability to conceive within one year of unprotected regular coitus. Approximately 85 – 90% of healthy young couples conceive within 1 year, most within 6 months1. Infertility therefore affects approximately 10 – 15% of couples and represents an important part of clinical practice2. A general classification of causes of infertility are male 35 – 40%, female 40 – 50% (tubal 25%, ovulatory 20% and cervical 1 – 2%), sexual 10% and unknown 10%3. More than one factor per couple accounts for the total percentage appearing to exceed 100%. Objective: To assess the determinants of infertility among the infertile couples both male and female attending the outpatient department of infertility unit of the department of obstetrics and gynaecology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University , Shahbagh, Dhaka. Materials & Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Infertility unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, during the period from 01.07.2018 to 31.12.2021. Five hundred infertile couples were recruited from the out-patient department of infertility unit who came to take treatment for their infertility problem. Data were collected from the couples by data collection sheet and the data were plotted in the tables. The data were analyzed by SPSS program, version 28. Results: The socio-demographic characteristics of the study subjects (n = 500).Husbands age group was 22 -55in years, Mean ± SD (34.0 ± 5.9). Age of the female partners was 18 – 44 years, mean ± SD (27.1 ± 5.2). Majority of the female study subjects had secondary level of education (49.4%), where as in male study subjects secondary level of education was 30.4%, followed by graduates (29.6%). Occupation of female partners was mostly housewife = 395 (79.0%), occupation of male partners was mostly service = 356 (71.2%). Regarding religion, Muslims were 476 (95.2%), others were 24 (4.8%). Majority of them hailed from rural area (62%). According to BMI, majority of female were overweight (56%). Among the respondents, majority of them had primary infertility (59.8%) and the rest (40.2%) had secondary infertility. Regarding hormonal status of infertile women, most of them (94%) had serum FSH below normal (< 3U/L), serum LH below normal (< 2U/L) in 96% patients, Serum TSH above normal (>4.5 mU/L) in 49.0% patients, serum FT4 above normal (>21 pml/L) in (60.8%) patients, serum Prolactin level above normal (>630 mU/L) in 27.8) patients. Diabetes: In male = 28 (5.6%).Mumps: In male = 7 (1.4%). Chicken pox: In male = 18 (3.6%). Hypertension: In male = 10 (2.0%). Orchitis: In male = 6 (1.2%). Personal history of husband: Smoking = 129 (25.8%). In male patients, Testosterone level normal (10 – 30 nmol/L) in 133 (26.6%) patients and above normal (>30 nmol/L) in 367 (73.4%) patients. The semen analyses of the husbands of the infertile female patients shows, quality of semen poor (<4%) in 305 (61%) patients. Regarding semen quality, oligospermia (<15 million/ml) was in 480 (96%) patients and azospermia (0% count) in 20 (4%) patients. In case of motility of sperms, rapid linear below normal (<50%) was in 90 (18%). In case of slow linear (SL), below normal (<15%) in 324 (64.8%) patients. In case of morphology of sperms, below normal (<14million/ml) in 25 (5%) patients. Regarding structural abnormalities of female organs bicornuate uterus was found in 15.2% patients, abnormal uterine cavity in 11.4% patients. In 13.0% patients’ abnormal right ostium were found and in 12.6% patients’ abnormal left ostium were found. Intrauterine adhesion was found in 35.2% patients and submucus fibroid in 17.6% patients. Abnormal right fallopian tube was found in 33.2% patients and abnormal left fallopian tube was found in 34.2% patients. Dye test in 42.4% patients were negative that means the tubes were blocked. Conclusion: This study shows that a significant percentage of both male and female are suffering from infertility. The major causes of male infertility are partly hormonal, structural abnormalities of male genitalia, infection of genital tract, and partly psychological.Causes of female infertility are mostly hormonal, structural abnormalities of the uterus, fallopian tubes, infection of the genital tract and partly psychological. Medicine Today 2023 Vol.35(1): 20-26

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Section: Table-iv: Personal History and Family History Of The Couple ...supporting

confidence: 93%

Causes of Infertility among the Couples Who are Attending the Infertility OPD of BSMMU

et al. 2023

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“…Infertility describes prolonged difficulty at achieving success with conception between a male and female having unhindered access to sexual activity 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A male's inability to fertilize the female's ovum for upwards of twelve months of unrestricted intercourse categorizes him as infertile. This challenge is represented globally across continents where up to about fifteen percent of heterosexual couples are infertile and forty percent of these represents male factor infertility and sexual inadequacies 1 For centuries, plants and plant-based products have been utilized as an important and safe natural source of medicines for treating different health challenges 2 . Various plant extracts have been acclaimed to have aphrodisiac potentials and utilized traditionally to enhance sexual performance and fertility 3,4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcoholic bitters modulates sex hormones and some biochemical parameters of testicular function in male Wistar rats

Kayode

Nwonuma

2018

F1000Res

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Background: Alcoholic bitters have been acclaimed to boost sexual function and fertility in animals but there is no reported scientific evidence that evaluated its effects on the normal functioning of the testes. This study was therefore conducted to assess the effect of some alcoholic bitters on testicular function indices of male Wistar rats. Methods: A total of 25 male Wistar rats were assigned into five groups of five animals each and treated with distilled water, ethanol, Alomo, Striker and Orijin Alcoholic Bitters at 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.16 and 0.3 ml/kg body weight respectively for 28 days. The animals were thereafter sacrificed and the serum obtained was used for the determination of sex hormones. Assessment of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), cholesterol, and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations as well as the activity of β-Hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were carried out using standard methods. Results: There were significant (p < 0.05) increases in protein, cholesterol, testosterone, FSH and LH, as well as in the activity of HMG-CoA reductase, SOD and CAT in all the groups of animals administered the alcoholic bitters, whereas concentration of MDA was significantly reduced (p<0.05). Concentration of triglycerides was not significantly different (p>0.05) from those of the control animals. Conclusion: The alcoholic bitters enhanced the normal functioning of the testes, the antioxidant enzymes and the release of the reproductive hormones. This may partly explain its use in boosting sexual function and fertility in male rats.

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Oral supplementation of fucoxanthin-rich brown algae extract ameliorates cisplatin-induced testicular damage in hamsters

Wang

Sudirman

Hsieh

et al. 2020

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy

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Risk Factors and Causes of Male Infertility-A Review

Cited by 8 publications

References 49 publications

Causes of Infertility among the Couples Who are Attending the Infertility OPD of BSMMU

Causes of Infertility among the Couples Who are Attending the Infertility OPD of BSMMU

Alcoholic bitters modulates sex hormones and some biochemical parameters of testicular function in male Wistar rats

Oral supplementation of fucoxanthin-rich brown algae extract ameliorates cisplatin-induced testicular damage in hamsters

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