Risk assessment of the mycotoxin zearalenone

Kuiper-Goodman, T.; Scott, Peter; Watanabe, Hisako

doi:10.1016/0273-2300(87)90037-7

Cited by 848 publications

(780 citation statements)

References 169 publications

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“…Pigs are particularly exposed to ZEA by having their diet usually consisting of corn and by being particularly sensitive to its toxic effects (Malekinejad et al 2006). Comparing to other species, pigs are especially sensitive to ZEA intoxication because the hepatic biotransformation of this mycotoxin results in a higher production of α-zearalenol in this species, which is even more toxic metabolite than ZEA (Kuiper-Goodman et al 1987, Fink-Gremmels & Malekinejad 2007. Additionally, the α-zearalenol has a higher affinity to bind to estrogen receptors when compared to ZEA and the other metabolite β-zearalenol (Olsen et al 1981, Malekinejad et al 2006.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of zearalenone in prepubertal gilts

Teixeira¹,

Montiani‐Ferreira²,

Locatelli-Dittrich³

et al. 2011

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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Prepubertal gilts were fed with a diet containing zearalenone (ZEA) in a concentration of 0.75 mg/kg for 21 days. The effects of this mycotoxin on morphologic aspects of the reproductive tract as well as on complete blood count (CBC), serum biochemistry analysis (SBA) and humoral immune response against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were evaluated. There was a significant increase (P<0.05) on the reproductive tract weight, vulvar area, height of the epithelial cells of endometrial glands and uterine mucosa. These results showed the ability of this nonsteroidal mycotoxin in mimicking actions of 17β estradiol at the concentration of 0.75mg/kg. No changes in weight gain, CBC, SBA parameters and humoral response against SRBC were observed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of zearalenone in prepubertal gilts

Teixeira¹,

Montiani‐Ferreira²,

Locatelli-Dittrich³

et al. 2011

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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“…Evidence gathered so far, although not conclusive, points to OTA as the possible causative agent of the endemic chronic renal disorder observed in humans in the Balkan countries 44,46 . The occurrence of OTA in food has been shown to be worldwide, especially in cereals 24,31,43 . Penicillium ver-Fumonisin B 1 and ochratoxin A in beers made in Brazil rucosum, Aspergillus ochraceus, and A. carbonarius are OTA major producers, but their individual temperature and other growth preferences cause them to occur in different areas of the globe, as well as infecting diverse food 29,48 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fumonisin B1 and ochratoxin A in beers made in Brazil

Kawashima¹,

Vieira²,

Soares³

2007

Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment.

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Samples of beer made in Brazil were analyzed for the presence of fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ) and ochratoxin A (OTA). FB 1 was searched for in 58 beer samples from 30 plants located in nine states. The samples were concentrated and cleaned up with strong ion exchange column, derivatized with OPA and analyzed by HPLC with fluorescence detection. The limit of detection was 0.26 ng.mL -1 and the average recovery was 98%. Twenty-five samples contained FB 1 ranging from 1 to 40 ng.mL -1 . Beer (123 samples) from 36 plants located in 5 states were analyzed for OTA by means of immunoaffinity column cleanup followed by liquid chromatography associated with fluorescence. The detection limit was 0.1 ng.mL -1 and the average recovery was 92%. Five samples contained OTA in concentrations from 1 to 18 ng.mL -1 . The results indicate that FB 1 and OTA contamination in Brazilian beer is not geographically limited and that beer does not contribute significantly to FB 1 intake by consumers. In the case of regular high ingestion, beer could contribute sizably to OTA, intake although still below the maximum considered tolerable for the toxin. Keywords: mycotoxins; fumonisin B 1 ; ochratoxin A; beer. ResumoA presença de fumonisina B 1 (FB 1 ) e de ocratoxina A (OTA) foi investigada em amostras de cerveja fabricada no Brasil. FB 1 foi pesquisada em 58 amostras de cerveja provenientes de 30 fábricas localizadas em nove Estados. As amostras foram concentradas, e a toxina isolada através de coluna de troca iônica forte, derivação com OPA e análise por CLAE com fluorescência associada. O limite de detecção foi 0,26 ng.mL -1 e a recuperação média foi de 98%. Vinte e cinco amostras continham FB 1 em concentrações de 1 a 40 ng.mL -1 . Cerveja (123 amostras) proveniente de 36 fábricas localizadas em 5 Estados foi analisada para OTA através de coluna de imunoafinidade seguida de CLAE com detector de fluorescência. O limite de detecção foi 0,1 ng.mL -1 e a recuperação média foi de 92%. Cinco amostras continham OTA em concentrações de 1 a 18 ng.mL -1 . Os resultados indicam que a contaminação da cerveja brasileira por FB 1 e por OTA não é geograficamente limitada e que não contribui significativamente para a ingestão de FB 1 por consumidores. Por outro lado, no caso de consumo alto e regular, esta pode contribuir substancialmente na ingestão de OTA, porém ainda abaixo do máximo considerado tolerável para a toxina. Palavras-chave: micotoxinas; fumonisina B 1 ; ocratoxina A; cerveja.

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“…Data regarding the widespread contamination of agricultural commodities and animal products by OTA have been published widely over the past few years. For review and additional data see International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) (1993), Kuiper-Goodman and Scott (1989) and Trucksess et al (1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main target organ of OTA toxicity in several animal species is the kidney (Kuiper-Goodman and Scott 1989). In addition, OTA has been demonstrated to be a highly potent renal carcinogen in rats (Boorman 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic parameters and intraindividual fluctuations of ochratoxin A plasma levels in humans

Studer-Rohr

Schlatter

Dietrich

2000

Archives of Toxicology

221

139

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The mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) is a rodent carcinogen produced by species of the ubiquitous fungal genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. OTA is found in a variety of food items and as a consequence is also found in human plasma (average concentrations found in this study: 0.1±1 ng OTA/ml plasma). To improve the scienti®c basis for cancer risk assessment the toxicokinetic pro®le of OTA was studied in one human volunteer following ingestion of 395 ng 3 H-labeled OTA (3.8 lCi). A two-compartment open model consisting of a central compartment was found to best describe the in vivo data. This two-compartment model consisted of a fast elimination and distribution phase (T 1/2 about 20 h) followed by a slow elimination phase (renal clearance about 0.11 ml/min.) and a calculated plasma half-life of 35.55 days. This half-life was approximately eight times longer than that determined previously in rats. In addition, the intraindividual¯uctuation of OTA plasma levels was investigated in eight individuals over a period of 2 months. The concentrations determined ranged between 0.2 and 0.9 ng OTA/ml plasma. The plasma levels in some individuals remained nearly constant over time, while others varied considerably (e.g. increase of 0.4 ng/ml within 3 days, decrease of 0.3 ng/ml within 5 days) during the observation period. This intraindividual¯uctuation in OTA plasma levels, which may represent di erences in OTA exposure and/or metabolism, as well as the large di erence in plasma half-life in humans compared to rats must be taken into consideration when the results of rat cancer study data are extrapolated to humans for risk assessment purposes.

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Risk assessment of the mycotoxin zearalenone

Cited by 848 publications

References 169 publications

Effects of zearalenone in prepubertal gilts

Effects of zearalenone in prepubertal gilts

Fumonisin B1 and ochratoxin A in beers made in Brazil

Kinetic parameters and intraindividual fluctuations of ochratoxin A plasma levels in humans

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