Risk assessment of oral exposure to phthalates from coffee samples marketed in Turkey

Isci, Gursel; Topdaş, Elif Feyza; Dağdemir, Elif; Geniş, Hüseyin Efe

doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104913

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Up to now, the carcinogenic risk of PAEs has not been evaluated for tea consumption to compare our results. Similar ndings were observed in a study in Turkey through the consumption of coffee (Isci et al, 2023). According to the ndings of this study, the teabags usage can cause harmful effects on human health considering the levels of PAEs.…”

Section: Human Exposure Tosupporting

confidence: 91%

Microplastics and phthalate esters release from teabags into tea drink: occurrence, human exposure, and health risks

Kashfi,

Mohammadi,

Rostami

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Tea, the most common infusion worldwide, is usually sold in teabags due to the ease of usage. The increase in the use of plastic materials in the food packaging industry has led to an increase in released contaminants, such as microplastics (MPs) and phthalates (PAEs), in various food products including teabags. In this research, the abundance and features of MPs as well as PAEs concentration were investigated in 45 teabag samples of different Persian and German brands. The abundance of MPs in the Persian and German teabag samples were averagely 412.32 and 147.28 items/single teabag, respectively. Also, average PAEs levels in the Persian and German teabag samples were 2.87 and 2.37 mg/g, respectively. The predominant size category of MPs was relalated to 100-250 µm. Fibers and transparent were the dominant shape and color of detected MPs in teabags, respectively. Polyethylene (PE) and nylon were the most common MP polymer types. The most prominent PAEs congeners in teabag samples were diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP). Furthermore, MP exposure hazard through tea ingestion was analyzed for three age groups: Teens, adults, and children. DEHP showed the cancer risk (CR) for age groups of children, teens, and adults. The ndings of this research indicated that high MPs and PAEs levels are released from teabags into tea drinks. Considering a daily drinking of a volume of 200-400 mL tea, 648-1296 MPs may enter the human body. Thus, tea prepared with teabag-packed herbs may pose a signi cant health risk for consumers.

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Section: Human Exposure Tosupporting

confidence: 91%

Microplastics and phthalate esters release from teabags into tea drink: occurrence, human exposure, and health risks

Kashfi,

Mohammadi,

Rostami

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Even though the data for DMP, DBP, and DEHP do not show a statistically significant difference between the two conditions, different storage conditions, such as different temperature setups, a storage room, outdoor storage, and the length of the period for which it was stored, can all increase the phthalate migration rate in PET Carbonated Soft Drinks bottles to varying degrees [28,29,30].…”

Section: The Influence Of Storage Conditions On the Concentrations Of...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of Phthalate Acid Esters in Carbonated Soft Drinks Bottled in Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles Kept under Various Storage Conditions in Mwanza City, Tanzania

Mrema, Evarist E.,

Chaula, D. N,

Chove, B. E

2024

AJOCS

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Background: Carbonated soft drinks (CSD), packaged in PET (polyethylene terephthalate) bottles, are among the most widely consumed non-alcoholic beverage globally. People of all ages enjoy CSDs for their flavour, mouthfeel, crispness, freshness, and capacity to both quench thirst and provide mental refreshment. Terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol, and other additives such as phthalates are the materials used to make these PET bottles. Several studies have demonstrated that phthalates may migrate into packaged goods and, when consumed, can cause several ill-health conditions to humans. Type II diabetes, obesity, asthma, male and female reproductive disorders, tumours (including breast cancer), pituitary, hypothalamic, and peripheral hormone disorders, behavioral issues, and neurodevelopmental disorders are among the health issues reported to be associated with phthalates. Objective: This study aimed to ascertain the presence and concentration of phthalates in PET bottled carbonated soft drinks produced in Mwanza City, and to examine the effects of various storage conditions on the migration of these contaminants into the product. Methods: Liquid-liquid extraction, clean-up techniques, and chromatographic analysis were used as the methods of determination to identify and quantify the specific phthalates compounds. Results: The findings demonstrated that after being stored outdoors for four to six months, the migration, especially for dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di [2-ethylhexyl] phthalate (DEHP), became more apparent. After two, four, and six months of indoor storage, there was no appreciable change in the mean concentrations of DMP (dimethyl phthalate), DEP (diethyl phthalate), DBP (dibutyl phthalate), and DEHP for either brand in this study. Compared to indoor storage, the DBP and DEHP migration increased by up to 24-fold when the two brands were kept outdoors for four and six months. Thus, the safety and quality of carbonated soft drinks were seriously compromised by the phthalate compounds from the PET bottles that these companies were using. Conclusion: The study's conclusions show that PET packaging, which is influenced by the bottle manufacturing process and raw material formulations for packages of the studied CSDs, are responsible for the migration of phthalates into the products. The storage conditions and time are established to be the primary causes of phthalates migration in bottled carbonated soft drinks. Though the migration figures in this study are lower than those of the other studies from different locations that were compared, it is important to remember that these compounds may interfere with hormones even in small quantities.

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“…Exposure to high doses of certain PAEs has been associated with reproductive and developmental toxicities in both males and females [9]. Several human studies have explored potential links between PAEs and alterations in semen quality [10], shortened gestation [11], reduced anogenital distance in newborn boys [12], and premature breast development in girls [13]. Although the inherent PAEs contamination in tea leaves is typically minimal, the tea production process, encompassing various stages such as harvesting, transportation, transformation, and packaging [14], can introduce PAEs into the final tea product [2].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Health Risks Associated with the Presence of Phthalate Esters in Tea Samples: A Comprehensive Analysis

İşçi

2024

Akademik Gıda

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This study presents novel insights into the occurrence of phthalate esters (PAEs) in tea samples consumed in Turkey. Employing multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with precursor-product ion transitions, quantitative and qualitative analyses of PAEs were conducted using an LC-MS/MS system. A dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) technique was utilized to determine the PAE contents in the tea samples. The limit of detection for all PAEs ranged from 0.350 to 1.882 ng/mL, while the limit of quantification ranged from 1.165 to 6.273 ng/mL. Moreover, strong correlations were observed with R2 values exceeding 0.996 for all PAEs, indicating robustness. Recovery studies demonstrated satisfactory results, falling within the range of 92.20% to 97.24%, indicating effective retrieval. The relative standard deviation values for the target PAEs ranged from 3.22% to 5.54%. The study findings indicate that PAE levels in the tea samples generally comply with permissible limits set by EU regulations, except for DBP (1807.70±1478.86 ng/mL). Notably, DBP and DINP (941.44±852.80 ng/mL) were identified as the predominant plasticizers in the tea samples. Health risk assessment, conducted through hazard quotient and hazard index calculations across various age groups, consistently yielded values below 1 for DEP, DEHP, DINP, BBP, and DBP, suggesting minimal non-carcinogenic health risks associated with tea consumption across all age groups. Furthermore, the intake of individual phthalate esters, including DEP, DEHP, DINP, BBP, and DBP, remained below acceptable daily limits defined by the EFSA. Although some tea products exhibited slightly elevated PAE levels, overall, the study emphasizes the importance of continuous monitoring and regulations to ensure the safety of packaged tea and mitigate potential long-term exposure risks linked to PAEs.

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Risk assessment of oral exposure to phthalates from coffee samples marketed in Turkey

Cited by 13 publications

References 57 publications

Microplastics and phthalate esters release from teabags into tea drink: occurrence, human exposure, and health risks

Microplastics and phthalate esters release from teabags into tea drink: occurrence, human exposure, and health risks

Levels of Phthalate Acid Esters in Carbonated Soft Drinks Bottled in Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles Kept under Various Storage Conditions in Mwanza City, Tanzania

Assessment of Health Risks Associated with the Presence of Phthalate Esters in Tea Samples: A Comprehensive Analysis

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