Rise and fall of pandemic <i><scp>V</scp>ibrio parahaemolyticus</i> serotype <scp>O3</scp>:<scp>K6</scp> in southern <scp>C</scp>hile

García, Katherine; Bastías, Roberto; Higuera, Gastón; Torres, Rafael; Mellado, Alex; Uribe, Paulina; Espejo, Romilio T.

doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02883.x

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In 2009, clinical cases decreased to 441, and only 64% were related to the pandemic strain; the remaining cases were related to non-pandemic tdh - and trh -negative strains (Garcia et al, 2009). Gradually, outbreaks have decreased to fewer than 10 cases in 2010 and 2011 (Garcia et al, 2013). In Chile, the pandemic strain had become a relatively stable bacterial subpopulation of the diverse V. parahaemolyticus population that is present in shellfish (Garcia et al, 2009).…”

Section: Pandemic O3:k6 Clone On the American Continentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 on the American continent

Velázquez-Román

León-Sicairos

Hernandez-Diaz³

et al. 2014

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the most important seafood-borne bacterial in recent years and is the leading causal agent of human acute gastroenteritis, primarily following the consumption of raw, undercooked or mishandled marine products. Until 1996, infections caused by V. parahaemolyticus were generally associated with diverse serovars. However, in February 1996, a unique serovar (O3:K6) of V. parahaemolyticus with specific genetic markers (tdh, toxRS/New and/or orf8) appeared abruptly in Kolkata, India. In subsequent years, O3:K6 isolates similar to those isolated in Kolkata have been reported from food borne outbreaks in Southeast Asia, as well as in the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States (U.S). More recently, there have been reports in Europe, Africa and Central and South America. Specifically, in the American continent, some countries have reported cases of gastroenteritis due to the pandemic O3:K6 strain and its serovariants; the pandemic strain was first detected in Peru (1996, >100 cases), subsequently spreading to Chile in 1998 (>16,804 human cases), to the U.S. in 1998 (>700 cases), to Brazil in 2001 (>18 cases) and to Mexico in 2004 (>1200 cases). The arrival of the pandemic clone on the American continent may have resulted in a significant shift on the epidemic dynamics of V. parahaemolyticus. However, although O3:K6 is the predominant serovar of the recognized clinical strains in some countries in the Americas, a decrease in clinical cases caused by O3:K6 and an increase in cases associated with a new serotype (O3:K59, Chile) have been recently reported. The emergence and worldwide dissemination of O3:K6 and other pandemic strains since 1996 have come to represent a threat to public health and should concern health authorities. This review focuses on the presence, distribution and virulence factors of the V. parahaemolyticus O3:K6 pandemic clone and its serovariants in clinical and environmental strains on the American continent.

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Section: Pandemic O3:k6 Clone On the American Continentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 on the American continent

Velázquez-Román

León-Sicairos

Hernandez-Diaz³

et al. 2014

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Ten years after its appearance in Southeast Asia, this pandemic strain caused one of the world’s worst diarrhea outbreaks in Chile, with more than 10,000 clinical cases. Clinical cases and the presence of the bacteria in seafood practically disappeared a few years later (García et al, 2013). Similar situations were observed in other world regions (DePaola et al, 2000, 2009; Tuyet et al, 2002; Chowdhury et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight Into the Origin and Evolution of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus Pandemic Strain

2017

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A strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus that emerged in 1995 caused the first known pandemic involving this species. This strain comprises clonal autochthonous ocean-dwelling bacteria whose evolution has occurred in the ocean environment. The low sequence diversity in this population enabled the discovery of information on its origin and evolution that has been hidden in bacterial clones that have evolved over a long period. Multilocus sequencing and microarray analysis, together with phylogenetic analysis, of pandemic and pre-pandemic isolates has suggested that the founder clone was an O3:K6 non-pathogenic strain that initially acquired a toxRS/new region and subsequently acquired at least seven novel genomic islands. Sequencing and comparison of whole genomes later confirmed these early observations, and it confirmed that most of the genetic changes occurred via gene conversion involving horizontally transmitted DNA. The highly clonal population rapidly diversified, especially in terms of antigenicity, and 27 serotypes have already been reported. Comparisons of the core genomes derived from the founder clone indicate that there are only a few hundred single-nucleotide variations between isolates. However, when the whole genome is considered (the core plus non-core genome and from any clonal frame), the amount of DNA with a different clonal frame can reach up to 4.2% and the number of single-nucleotide variations can reach several hundred thousand. Altogether, these and previous observations based on multilocus sequence typing, microarray analysis, and whole-genome sequencing indicate the large contribution made by DNA with different clonal genealogy to genome diversification. The evidence also indicates that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) caused the emergence of new pathogens. Furthermore, the extent of HGT seems to depend on the vicissitudes of the life of each bacterium, as exemplified by differences in thousands of base pairs acquired by HGT among almost identical genetic isolates.

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“…Finally, a third bacterial pathogen associated with the consumption of partially cooked or raw seafood is V. parahaemolyticus (Raghunath, 2015). This species is composed of numerous strains widely distributed in marine environments throughout the world (García et al, 2009, 2013; Loyola et al, 2015) but only a few cause diarrhea in humans. Virulent V. parahaemolyticus strains have different virulence factors, including adhesins, thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and TDH related hemolysin (TRH), as well as two different type-III (T3SS1 and T3SS2) and type-VI (T6SS1 and T6SS2) secretion systems, one in each of its two chromosomes (Letchumanan et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Non-coding Regulatory RNA in the Virulence of Human Pathogenic Vibrios

et al. 2017

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In recent decades, the identification of small non-coding RNAs in bacteria has revealed an important regulatory mechanism of gene expression involved in the response to environmental signals and to the control of virulence. In the family Vibrionaceae, which includes several human and animal pathogens, small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) are closely related to important processes including metabolism, quorum sensing, virulence, and fitness. Studies conducted in silico and experiments using microarrays and high-throughput RNA sequencing have led to the discovery of an unexpected number of sRNAs in Vibrios. The present review discusses the most relevant reports regarding the mechanisms of action of sRNAs and their implications in the virulence of the main human pathogens in the family Vibrionaceae: Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. cholerae.

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Rise and fall of pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus serotype O3:K6 in southern Chile

Cited by 25 publications

References 23 publications

Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 on the American continent

Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 on the American continent

Insight Into the Origin and Evolution of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus Pandemic Strain

Role of Non-coding Regulatory RNA in the Virulence of Human Pathogenic Vibrios

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