Ring-Opening Polymerization—An Introductory Review

Nuyken, Oskar; Pask, Stephen D.

doi:10.3390/polym5020361

Cited by 356 publications

(280 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…Following consultation with experts from the polyol manufacturing sector [21], the heat of reaction of the CO 2 -based polyol is reduced compared to the heat of reaction of the conventional polyol, by the amount of CO 2 introduced into the polyol. The PO ring opening reaction is exothermic [25] and the CO 2 bond breaking is an endothermic reaction [26]. Since in the CO 2 -based polyol synthesis, CO 2 substitutes part of the PO that reacts, the total heat released in the CO 2 -based polyol is lower than that of conventional polyol.…”

Section: Technical -Process Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective techno-economic and environmental assessment of carbon capture at a refinery and CO2 utilisation in polyol synthesis

Fernández-Dacosta

Spek

Hung

et al. 2017

Journal of CO2 Utilization

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Keywords:Carbon capture and utilisation CO 2 economy CO 2 -based polyols CO 2 emissions reduction Pedigree analysis A B S T R A C T CO 2 utilisation is gaining interest as a potential element towards a sustainable economy. CO 2 can be used as feedstock in the synthesis of fuels, chemicals and polymers. This study presents a prospective assessment of carbon capture from a hydrogen unit at a refinery, where the CO 2 is either stored, or partly stored and partly utilised for polyols production. A methodology integrating technical, economic and environmental models with uncertainty analysis is used to assess the performance of carbon capture and storage or utilisation at the refinery.Results show that only 10% of the CO 2 captured from an industrial hydrogen unit can be utilised in a commercial-scale polyol plant. This option has limited potential for large scale CO 2 mitigation from industrial sources. However, CO 2 capture from a hydrogen unit and its utilisation for the synthesis of polyols provides an interesting alternative from an economic perspective. The costs of CO 2 -based polyol are estimated at 1200 €/t polyol, 16% lower than those of conventional polyol. Furthermore, the costs of storing the remaining CO 2 are offset by the benefits of cheaper polyol production. Therefore, the combination of CO 2 capture and partial utilisation provides an improved business case over capture and storage alone. The environmental assessment shows that the climate change potential of this CO 2 utilisation system is 23% lower compared to a reference case in which no CO 2 is captured at the refinery. Five other environmental impact categories included in this study present slightly better performance for the utilisation case than for the reference case.

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Section: Technical -Process Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective techno-economic and environmental assessment of carbon capture at a refinery and CO2 utilisation in polyol synthesis

Fernández-Dacosta

Spek

Hung

et al. 2017

Journal of CO2 Utilization

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“…Ring opening polymerization (ROP) is a useful synthetic route to synthesize biomaterials (Table 2) with various controllable properties for medicinal and pharmaceutical applications [101,102]. The oligo (3-hydroxybutyrate) conjugates with sorbic acid, benzoic acid and p-coumaric acid have been obtained via the anionic ring-opening oligomerization of racemic !-butyrolactone being initiated by sodium sorbate, sodium benzoate, and p-coumaric acid potassium salt, respectively [103,104].…”

Section: Ring Opening Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic routes to degradable copolymers deriving from the biosynthesized polyhydroxyalkanoates: A mini review

Ke¹,

Zhang²,

Ramakrishna³

et al. 2016

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract.Polyhydroxyalkanoates are a family of natural polyesters being produced as intracellular carbon and energy reserves by a wide variety of microorganisms. They have developed rapidly in both research and development efforts globally in the last 15 years. Till now, over 100 different types of PHAs have been successfully biosynthesized using both genetic engineering and fermentation techniques. Their unique biodegradable, biocompatible and thermoplastic characteristics make PHAs promising candidates for the commodity and biomedical applications. This review focused on the chemical synthesis of the derivatives of the biosynthesized PHAs.

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“…[3][4][5][6][7] In particular,p oly(1,3-trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) is the most investigated PC regarding both its synthesisa nd applications. [8][9][10][11][12] Indeed, as aP Cd erived form ab iosourced monomer (TMC can indeed be produced from glycerol, ab yproduct of biodieselp roduction from vegetable and animal fat triglycerides), [13][14][15] PTMC is currently attracting increasinga ttention within current environmental considerations. [8][9][10][11][12] Additionally, PTMC featuresv aluable mechanical softness [16] that is favorably exploited, in particular,t owards the designo fc opolymers such as the thermoplasticP TMC-bpoly(l-lactide)e lastomers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(trimethylene carbonate)/Poly(malic acid) Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymers as Biocompatible Nanoparticles

Barouti

Khalil

Orione

et al. 2016

Chemistry A European J

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Amphiphilic polycarbonate-poly(hydroxyalkanoate) diblock copolymers, namely, poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC)-b-poly(β-malic acid) (PMLA), are reported for the first time. The synthetic strategy relies on commercially available catalysts and initiator. The controlled ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of trimethylene carbonate (TMC) catalyzed by the organic guanidine base 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD), associated with iPrOH as an initiator, provided iPrO-PTMC-OH, which served as a macroinitiator in the controlled ROP of benzyl β-malolactonate (MLABe) catalyzed by the neodymium triflate salt (Nd(OTf)3). The resulting hydrophobic iPrO-PTMC-b-PMLABe-OH copolymers were then hydrogenolyzed into the parent iPrO-PTMC-b-PMLA-OH copolymers. A range of well-defined copolymers, featuring different sizes of segments (Mn,NMR up to 9300 g mol(-1) ; ÐM =1.28-1.40), were thus isolated in gram quantities, as evidenced by NMR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and contact angle analyses. Subsequently, PTMC-b-PMLA copolymers with different hydrophilic weight fractions (11-75 %) self-assembled in phosphate-buffered saline upon nanoprecipitation into well-defined nano-objects with Dh =61-176 nm, a polydispersity index <0.25, and a negative surface charge, as characterized by dynamic light scattering and zeta-potential analyses. In addition, these nanoparticles demonstrated no significant effect on cell viability at low concentrations, and a very low cytotoxicity at high concentrations only for PTMC-b-PMLA copolymers exhibiting hydrophilic fractions over 47 %, thus illustrating the potential of these copolymers as promising nanoparticles.

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Ring-Opening Polymerization—An Introductory Review

Cited by 356 publications

References 180 publications

Prospective techno-economic and environmental assessment of carbon capture at a refinery and CO2 utilisation in polyol synthesis

Prospective techno-economic and environmental assessment of carbon capture at a refinery and CO2 utilisation in polyol synthesis

Synthetic routes to degradable copolymers deriving from the biosynthesized polyhydroxyalkanoates: A mini review

Poly(trimethylene carbonate)/Poly(malic acid) Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymers as Biocompatible Nanoparticles

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