Ridge-waveguide-based polarization insensitive Bragg grating refractometer

Dai, Xiaoli; Mihailov, Stephen J.; Callender, Claire L.; Blanchetière, Chantal; Walker, Raymond W.

doi:10.1088/0957-0233/17/7/013

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…A strong Bragg grating with index modulation was induced in the hydrogen loaded m m waveguide with 40 Hz, 100 mJ/cm pulse of polarized UV irradiation (oriented normal to the waveguide axis). The laser beam was polarized to reduce the birefringence of the device [10]. The total UV exposure for the fabrication of the Bragg grating with 21 dB transmission and 0.7 nm bandwidth is 1 kJ/cm .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is shown that the sensitivity to the analyte increased with decreasing waveguide core width. As the sensitivity is defined as , it is dominated by the change of the core mode evanescent sensitivity that increases with decreasing core width [10]. The small core size m m device had the highest sensitivity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As and , the first terms in (9) and (10) are dominated by and . By the normalized analysis of a slab waveguide evanescent-wave sensor, the expressions of and are given in [10], and optimization results for all slab waveguide sensors are achieved. However, these results cannot be applied directly to ridge waveguides due to the structural difference of the three layer slab waveguides and the ridge waveguides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These techniques are implemented by using: a second Bragg grating in a side-polished fiber Bragg grating refractometer [1], [2], higher order modes in an etched-core of a fiber Bragg grating sensor [3], [4], and higher order modes in a tilted fiber Bragg grating sensor [5]- [9]. In our previous work [10], a highly sensitive waveguide Bragg grating (WBG) sensor for measuring small changes in the refractive index of a surrounding liquid was developed. By using an open-top ridge waveguide with a small core, the evanescent field interaction of the guided mode with the liquid analyte was enhanced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature Insensitive Refractometer Using Core and Cladding Modes in Open-Top Ridge Waveguide

et al. 2008

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In order to overcome the well-known limitation of temperature instability in Bragg grating waveguide sensors, a temperature insensitive open-top ridge waveguide refractometer is developed by using a cladding mode resonance as a temperature reference. The relative shift of the core mode resonance to cladding mode resonance is used to measure the refractive index of substances under test. Specifically, the device fabricated here produces a relative resonance shift of 1 pm for every 5 10 4 of measured index change, with a temperature sensitivity 0 5 pm C.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature Insensitive Refractometer Using Core and Cladding Modes in Open-Top Ridge Waveguide

et al. 2008

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“…In waveguide structures, the resonant wavelengths of fundamental harmonic backward and forward propagating modes may be written as [1][2][3][4]:…”

Section: Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of temperature insensitive refractometer

et al. 2006

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Experimentally, in the open-top ridge waveguides, the sensitivities of core and cladding resonances to the surrounding medium's refractive index are different while the temperature sensitivities are similar. Based on these characteristics, a temperature insensitive refractometer has been proposed. To increase the sensitivity of these devices, a theoretical model is developed to investigate the performance of some potential waveguide and Bragg grating structures. Relationships between the waveguide core size, refractive index distribution, tilt angle of the Bragg gratings as well as the relative evanescent sensitivity of the core and cladding modes are examined. As a result, we find that sensitivity can be enhanced by decreasing the waveguide core size, making the effective index of the waveguide close to the expected refractive index of the analyte, and incorporating tilt in the Bragg grating structures. Furthermore, the inclusion of tilt also appears to reduce the grating's birefringence for the waveguide structure examined.

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