Rice and Malaria in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Chan, Kallista; Tusting, Lucy S.; Bottomley, Christian; Saito, Kazuki; Djouaka, Rousseau; Lines, Jo

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3822272

Cited by 4 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Nonetheless, from a farmers' perspective, it is also important to consider whether the vectors emerging from their rice elds signi cantly contribute to the local burden of malaria and to determine how this contribution can be minimised. There is evidence that riceland vectors do increase malaria transmission, since human biting rates are much higher in communities living next to rice schemes than their non-rice counterparts 58 and that additional riceland vectors may intensify transmission and malaria prevalence in rice communities 13 . Hence, when investigating how rice-attributed malaria risk can be minimised, mosquito abundance as measured in the experimental rice trials is a useful indicator of potential impact on epidemiological outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…gambiae s.l. 13 . In particular, there was a lack of studies on the effectiveness and scalability of biological control and rice cultivation practices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the future, as malaria declines (particularly across SSA), the contribution of rice production to increased malaria transmission is likely to become more conspicuous 13 . Unless this problem is addressed, rice growing will probably become an obstacle to malaria elimination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More than 80% of the world's 627,000 deaths due to malaria occur in African children under ve years of age 12 . There is recent evidence that in Africa, there is a signi cant association between rice and intensi ed malaria transmission, and this association has grown stronger over time 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The control of malaria vectors in rice fields: A systematic review and meta- analysis

Chan

Bottomley

Saito

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The relatively stable aquatic conditions of irrigated lowland and rainfed rice, which is grown across 145 million hectares in more than 100 countries, are capable of generating large numbers of mosquito vectors of malaria, which causes more than 400,000 deaths per year worldwide. Many methods can control these vectors but a systematic review has not previously been conducted. This study assesses whether larviciding, fish or intermittent irrigation can significantly reduce malaria vectors in rice fields whilst increasing rice yield. After a literature search for studies reporting the effect of larval control and rice cultivation practices on malaria vector densities in rice fields, 33 studies were eligible for meta-analysis. Larviciding was effective at reducing ricefield malaria vectors. Pooled analysis of five controlled time-series (CTS) studies with chemical insecticides showed an overall combined reduction of larval densities of 77% compared to no larviciding. Eight CTSs with biological larvicides showed a pooled reduction of 60% compared to no larviciding. Cultivating rice and fish together provided good control too: a pooled analysis of three CTSs showed an overall 82% reduction in anopheline larvae compared to no fish. Pooled analysis of four studies suggested that intermittent irrigation (using various timings and frequencies of drainage) is effective at reducing the abundance of late-stage anopheline larvae (pooled reduction=-35%), but not overall immature abundance, compared to continuous flooding. We conclude that many interventions such as larvicides, fish and intermittent irrigation can provide riceland malaria vector control, but the critical obstacle to wider use is farmer acceptability. Future research should be led by the agricultural sector, with inputs from entomologists, to investigate malaria control co-benefits within high-yielding rice cultivation practices.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…gambiae s.l. 13 . In particular, there was a lack of studies on the effectiveness and scalability of biological control and rice cultivation practices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The control of malaria vectors in rice fields: A systematic review and meta- analysis

Chan

Bottomley

Saito

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…The main explanation put forward for this paradox concerns a positive wealth effect from rice production, which would effectively counterbalance the impact of increased mosquito density, such as via upgraded housing. However, a recent meta-analysis reveals that while the paradox held up in Sub-Saharan Africa until the early 2000s, this seems no longer the case [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Willingness to Contribute to Bio-Larviciding in the Fight against Malaria: A Contingent Valuation Study among Rice Farmers in Rwanda

Rulisa

Kempen

Mutesa

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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There is broad consensus that successful and sustained larval source management (LSM) interventions, including bio-larviciding campaigns, require embeddedness in local community institutions. Ideally, these community structures should also be capable of mobilizing local resources to (co-)finance interventions. To date, farmer cooperatives, especially cooperatives of rice growers whose economic activity facilitates mosquito breeding, have remained under the radar in designing community-based bio-larviciding campaigns. This study explores the potential of rice farmer cooperatives in Bugesera district, Rwanda, to take up the aforementioned roles. To this purpose, we surveyed 320 randomly selected rice farmers who belonged to one of four rice cooperatives in the area and elicited their willingness-to-pay (WTP) for application of Bti, a popular bio-larvicide, in their rice paddies. Results from a (non-incentivized) bidding game procedure, which tested two alternative contribution schemes showed that financial contributions would be significantly different from zero and sufficient to carry a co-financing share of 15–25 per cent. A strong heterogeneity in mean WTP is revealed across cooperatives, in addition to variation among individual farmers, which needs to be anticipated when engaging farmer cooperatives in LSM.

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The control of malaria vectors in rice fields: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Chan

Bottomley

Saito

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The relatively stable aquatic conditions of irrigated lowland and rainfed rice, which is grown across 145 million hectares in more than 100 countries, are capable of generating large numbers of mosquito vectors of malaria, which causes more than 400,000 deaths per year worldwide. Many methods can control these vectors, but a systematic review has not previously been conducted. This study assesses whether larviciding, fish or intermittent irrigation can significantly reduce malaria vectors in rice fields whilst increasing rice yield. After a literature search for studies reporting the effect of larval control and rice cultivation practices on malaria vector densities in rice fields, 33 studies were eligible for meta-analysis. Larviciding was effective at reducing rice-field malaria vectors. Pooled analysis of five controlled time-series (CTS) studies with chemical insecticides showed an overall combined reduction of larval densities of 77% compared to no larviciding. Eight CTSs with biological larvicides showed a pooled reduction of 60% compared to no larviciding. Cultivating rice and fish together provided good control too: a pooled analysis of three CTSs showed an overall 82% reduction in anopheline larvae compared to no fish. Pooled analysis of four studies suggested that intermittent irrigation (using various timings and frequencies of drainage) is effective at reducing the abundance of late-stage anopheline larvae (pooled reduction = − 35%), but not overall immature abundance, compared to continuous flooding. We conclude that many interventions such as larvicides, fish and intermittent irrigation can provide riceland malaria vector control, but the critical obstacle to wider use is farmer acceptability. Future research should be led by the agricultural sector, with inputs from entomologists, to investigate malaria control co-benefits within high-yielding rice cultivation practices.

show abstract

Rice and Malaria in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

The control of malaria vectors in rice fields: A systematic review and meta- analysis

The control of malaria vectors in rice fields: A systematic review and meta- analysis

Willingness to Contribute to Bio-Larviciding in the Fight against Malaria: A Contingent Valuation Study among Rice Farmers in Rwanda

The control of malaria vectors in rice fields: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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