Rhyodacitic fissure eruption in Southern Andes (Cordón Caulle; 40.5°S) after the 1960 (Mw:9.5) Chilean earthquake: a structural interpretation

Lara, Luis E.; Naranjo, José A.; Moreno, H.

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.06.009

Cited by 132 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…One of the world's most frequently active rhyolitic/rhyodacitic volcanoes, it has most recently erupted in 1921-1922(Katsui and Katz, 1967), 1960(Lara et al, 2004, and 2011-2012. The VEI 5 2011-2012 eruption of crystal-poor rhyolite (69-74 wt% SiO 2 ) began on 4 June 2011, initially producing a 15 km high Plinian column .…”

Section: Rhyolitic Lava From the 2011-2012 Cordón Caulle Eruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emplacing a Cooling-Limited Rhyolite Lava Flow: Similarities with Basaltic Lava Flows

et al. 2017

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Accurate forecasts of lava flow length rely on estimates of eruption and magma properties and, potentially more challengingly, on an understanding of the relative influence of characteristics such as the apparent viscosity, the yield strength of the flow core, or the strength of the lava's surface crust. For basaltic lavas, the relatively high frequency of eruptions has resulted in numerous opportunities to test emplacement models on such low silica lava flows. However, the flow of high silica lava is much less well understood due to the paucity of contemporary events and, if observations of flow length change are used to constrain straightforward models of lava advance, remaining uncertainties can limit the insight gained. Here, for the first time, we incorporate morphological observations from during and after flow field evolution to improve model constraints and reduce uncertainties. After demonstrating the approach on a basaltic lava flow (Mt. Etna 2001), we apply it to the 2011-2012 Cordón Caulle rhyolite lava flow, where unprecedented observations and syn-emplacement satellite imagery of an advancing silica-rich lava flow have indicated an important influence from the lava flow's crust on flow emplacement. Our results show that an initial phase of viscosity-controlled advance at Cordón Caulle was followed by later crustal control, accompanied by formation of flow surface folds and large-scale crustal fractures. Where the lava was unconstrained by topography, the cooled crust ultimately halted advance of the main flow and led to the formation of breakouts from the flow front and margins, influencing the footprint of the lava, its advance rate, and the duration of flow advance. Highly similar behavior occurred in the 2001 Etna basaltic lava flow. In our comparison of these two cases, we find close similarities between the processes controlling the advance of a crystal-poor rhyolite and a basaltic lava flow, suggesting common controlling mechanisms that transcend the profound rheological and compositional differences of the lavas.

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Section: Rhyolitic Lava From the 2011-2012 Cordón Caulle Eruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emplacing a Cooling-Limited Rhyolite Lava Flow: Similarities with Basaltic Lava Flows

et al. 2017

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“…High activity of volcanic tremor has been observed before the Kumamoto Earthquake, but further activation or inactivation has not been observed at present (September 2016). However, the relationship between a large earthquake and volcanic activity has been discussed in many previous studies (e.g., Bautisa et al 1996;Manga and Broadsky 2006;Lara et al 2004;Walter 2007;Walter and Amelung 2007;Ebmeier et al 2016). One of possible triggering mechanisms is deformation of magma system due to the earthquake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Crustal deformation associated with the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake and its effect on the magma system of Aso volcano

Ozawa

Fujita

Ueda

2016

Earth Planets Space

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An M JMA 6.5 earthquake (foreshock) and M JMA 7.3 earthquake (mainshock) struck Kumamoto Prefecture on April 14, 2016, and April 16, 2016. To evaluate the effect of crustal deformation due to the earthquake on the Aso magma system, we detected crustal deformation using InSAR and GNSS. From InSAR analysis, we detected large crustal deformations along the Hinagu Fault, the Futagawa Fault, and the northeast extension of the latter fault. It extended to more than 50 km, and the maximum slant-range change exceeded 1 m. Although the obtained crustal deformation was approximately explained by the right-lateral strike-slip on the fault, its details could not be explained by such simple faulting. Additionally, we found complex surface deformation west of the Aso caldera rim, suggesting that shallow fault slips occurred in many known and unknown faults associated with the earthquake. Most of the crustal deformation could be reasonably explained by four rectangle faults located along the Futagawa Fault, in the northeast extension of the Futagawa Fault, alongside the Hinagu Fault, and in the eastern part of the Futagawa Fault. The first three of faults have high dip angles and right-lateral slip. The other was a fault with a low dip angle that branched from the shallow depth of the fault along the Futagawa Fault. The normal-dip right-lateral slip was estimated for this segment. Based on the estimated fault model, we calculated the displacement and stress field around the Aso volcano by the finite-element method (FEM) to evaluate the effects on the Aso magma system. In this calculation, we assumed a spherical soft medium located at a 6-km depth beneath the area south of the Kusasenri region as the magma system and considered only static effects. The result shows complex distributions of displacements and stresses, but we can notice the following significant points. (1) The spherical magma system deformed to an ellipsoid, and the total volume was slightly increased, less than 1%. (2) The differential stress around the upper portion of the magma system was as large as 3.5 MPa. This is strong enough to open pre-existing cracks and can cause the migration of magma.

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“…This volcanic complex had previously erupted in May 1960 (Lara et al, 2004;Raga et al, 2013). The volcanic aerosol plumes traveled eastward from Chile via the prevailing westerlies and passed over New Zealand (Klüser et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lidar observation of the 2011 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcanic aerosols at Lauder, New Zealand

et al. 2014

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Rhyodacitic fissure eruption in Southern Andes (Cordón Caulle; 40.5°S) after the 1960 (Mw:9.5) Chilean earthquake: a structural interpretation

Cited by 132 publications

References 49 publications

Emplacing a Cooling-Limited Rhyolite Lava Flow: Similarities with Basaltic Lava Flows

Emplacing a Cooling-Limited Rhyolite Lava Flow: Similarities with Basaltic Lava Flows

Crustal deformation associated with the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake and its effect on the magma system of Aso volcano

Lidar observation of the 2011 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcanic aerosols at Lauder, New Zealand

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