Rhinovirus Outbreak in a Long Term Care Facility for Elderly Persons Associated with Unusually High Mortality

Louie, Janice K.; Yagi, Shigeo; Nelson, Fritzi A.; Kiang, David T.; Glaser, Carol; Rosenberg, Jon; Cahill, Christine K.; Schnurr, David P.

doi:10.1086/430915

Cited by 101 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Until recently, the possible contribution of respiratory viruses other than influenza has attracted little attention and has probably been underestimated. Some studies indicate that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) have a greater role in respiratory tract infections of the elderly 4,5 and a recently paper from Louie et al 6 described an association between high mortality and an outbreak of human rhinovirus (HRV) in a long-term care facility for elderly individuals. Indeed, laboratory diagnosis of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in symptomatic elderly individuals has focused almost exclusively on institutionalized elderly individuals [7][8][9] and patients seeking medical consultation 10,11 .…”

Section: Palavras-chavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In two studies conducted at nursing homes and long-term care facilities for the elderly, outbreaks were described with mortality rates varying of 6 to 21%. In both studies, the deaths were directly attributed to acute infection caused by HRV 6,18 . HRV phylogenetic analyses show a distribution of groups coherent with the literature.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysis Of Clinical Hrv Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viral etiology among the elderly presenting acute respiratory infection during the influenza season

Watanabe

Carraro

Candeias

et al. 2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Acute respiratory tract infections are the most common illness in all individuals. Rhinoviruses have been reported as the etiology of more than 50% of respiratory tract infections worldwide. The study prospectively evaluated 47 elderly individuals from a group of 384 randomly assigned for acute respiratory viral infections (cold or flu) and assessed the occurrence of human rhinovirus (HRV), influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumovirus (hMPV) in Botucatu, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Forty-nine nasal swabs collected from 47 elderly individuals following inclusion visits from 2002 to 2003 were tested by GenScan RT-PCR. HRV-positive samples were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. Results: No sample was positive for influenza A/B or RSV. HRV was detected in 28.6% (14/47) and hMPV in 2% (1/47). Of 14 positive samples, 9 isolates were successfully sequenced, showing the follow group distribution: 6 group A, 1 group B and 2 group C HRVs. Conclusions: The high incidence of HRV during the months of the influenza season requires further study regarding HRV infection impact on respiratory complications among this population. Infection caused by HRV is very frequent and may contribute to increasing the already high demand for healthcare during the influenza season.

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Section: Palavras-chavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phylogenetic Analysis Of Clinical Hrv Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral etiology among the elderly presenting acute respiratory infection during the influenza season

Watanabe

Carraro

Candeias

et al. 2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…One example is an outbreak in a long-term care facility in Santa Cruz, California, in 2003 (28). Among the residents, the attack rate was 60%.…”

Section: Variations In Pathogenicity Among Rvsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Manipulation of Immune Function for Asthma Prevention: Inferences from Clinical Trials

Yoo

Tcheurekdjian

Lynch

et al. 2007

Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society

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The "hygiene hypothesis" proposes that the increase in allergic diseases in developing countries reflects a decrease in infections during childhood. Cohort studies suggest, however, that the risks of asthma are increased in children who suffer severe illness from a viral respiratory infection in infancy. This apparent inconsistency can be reconciled through consideration of epidemiologic, clinical, and animal studies. The elements of this line of reasoning are that viral infections can predispose to organ-specific expression of allergic sensitization, and that the severity of illness is shaped by the maturity of immune function, which in turn is influenced by previous contact with bacteria and viruses, whether pathogenic or not. Clinical studies of children and interventional studies of animals indeed suggest that the exposure to microbes through the gastrointestinal tract powerfully shapes immune function. Intestinal microbiota differ in infants who later develop allergic diseases, and feeding Lactobacillus casei to infants at risk has been shown to reduce their rate of developing eczema. This has prompted studies of feeding probiotics as a primary prevention strategy for asthma. We propose that the efficacy of this approach depends on its success in inducing maturation of immune function important in defense against viral infection, rather than on its effectiveness in preventing allergic sensitization. It follows that the endpoints of studies of feeding probiotics to infants at risk for asthma should include not simply tests of responsiveness to allergens, but also assessment of intestinal flora, immune function, and the clinical response to respiratory viral infection.Keywords: asthma; gastrointestinal; lactobacilli; microbes; prevention The purpose of this review is to sketch the rationale for a theory of asthma's pathogenesis. The proposed theory is that asthma is caused, at least in part, by infection, especially in infancy, by a respiratory virus, most likely a human rhinovirus (HRV). The development of asthma may thus be a function of the "asthmagenic" pathogenicity of the strains of RV causing asthma in infancy and of the efficacy of antiviral immune function at the time of infection. This review notes how the validity of this theory might be examined by adding additional outcomes to ongoing trials of feeding a "probiotic," like Lactobacillus casei, to infants as a primary prevention strategy for allergic disease. Space constraint does not permit more than a brief, partial review

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] About 1.9 million child deaths occur each year with 70% of these in Africa and southeast Asia. 2 Many etiological studies show that viruses are the main cause of RTIs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteroviruses and Rhinoviruses: Molecular Epidemiology of the Most Influenza-Like Illness Associated Viruses in Senegal

Fall

Dia

Kébé

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Different viruses have been identified as etiologic agents of respiratory tract infections, including severe cases. Among these, human rhinoviruses (HRVs) and human enteroviruses (HEVs) are recognized as leading causes. The present study describes the molecular epidemiology of HRVs and HEVs in Senegal over a 3-year surveillance period. From January 2012 to December 2014, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs specimen were collected from patients with influenza-like illness (ILI). A real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed for HRV and HEV detection using the RV16 kit. Two regions were targeted for the molecular characterization of RVs: 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) and viral protein 4/viral protein 2 (VP4/VP2) transition region. For enteroviruses (EVs) phylogeny, VP1 gene was targeted. A total of 4,194 samples were collected. Children up to 5 years accounted for 52.9%. Among them, 1,415 (33.7%) were positive for HRV, 857 (20.4%) for HEV, and 437 cases of dual infections HRV/HEV. HRVs and HEVs were identified significantly in children aged 5 years or less. Only cough and vomiting signs were observed with significant association with viral infection. Both viruses co-circulated all year long with a marked increase of activity during rainy and cold period. All HRV types circulate in Senegal. HRV-A and C groups were the most common. HEV serotyping identified coxsackie B viruses (CBV) only. VP1 region revealed different CBV (CBV1, CBV2, CBV3, CBV4, and CBV5), echoviruses, coxsackieviruses A4-like strains and a poliovirus 2. The results suggest strong year-round respiratory picornavirus activity in children up to 5 years of age. Molecular studies identified a wide variety of RVs along with diverse EVs in samples from patients with ILI.

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Rhinovirus Outbreak in a Long Term Care Facility for Elderly Persons Associated with Unusually High Mortality

Cited by 101 publications

References 16 publications

Viral etiology among the elderly presenting acute respiratory infection during the influenza season

Viral etiology among the elderly presenting acute respiratory infection during the influenza season

Microbial Manipulation of Immune Function for Asthma Prevention: Inferences from Clinical Trials

Enteroviruses and Rhinoviruses: Molecular Epidemiology of the Most Influenza-Like Illness Associated Viruses in Senegal

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