Rhinophyma in an adolescent

Bittencourt, Cassiana E.; Accionirover, P; Filho, Abílio Barros; Cintra, Maria Letícia; Ypiranga, Sylvia

doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.01474.x

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…1323 Although the great majority of phymatous lesions occur on the nose (rhinophyma), they may also occur at other sites. 1328 Rosacea is a difficult entity to classify, not only because its pathogenesis is poorly understood but also because of the broad spectrum of histopathological changes found. 1327 Rhinophyma has been reported in an adolescent male.…”

Section: Keratosis Follicularis Spinulosa Decalvansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diseases of cutaneous appendages

Weedon

2010

Weedon's Skin Pathology

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Section: Keratosis Follicularis Spinulosa Decalvansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diseases of cutaneous appendages

Weedon

2010

Weedon's Skin Pathology

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“…HAID is most prevalent in the Caribbean (1)(2)(3)(4)56) and Brazil (63)(64)(65). The greatest number of cases worldwide has been reported in Jamaica (1)(2)(3)(4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is usually a female preponderance (1,3,4) and onset usually occurs at approximately age 2 (2,3) with resolution in adulthood. Rarely, cases of adult onset have been reported (71,72).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HTLV‐1‐associated infective dermatitis: updates on the pathogenesis

McGill

Vyas

Shimauchi

et al. 2012

Experimental Dermatology

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HTLV-1-associated infective dermatitis (HAID) is the main paediatric manifestation of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). It is characterised by a chronic exudative eczematous eruption and persistent infection with Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and beta-haemolytic streptococci (BHS). Prevalence is highest in the Caribbean and Brazil; however, cases have been reported in other HTLV-1 endemic regions. Approximately 20 million people worldwide are infected with HTLV-1 and only 5-10% suffer from disease. Other manifestations include adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM). HAID may also progress to ATLL or TSP/HAM. Treatment options are limited to prolonged antibiotic therapy. The aim of this paper is to review existing evidence and propose new theories on the pathogenesis of HAID. The current view is that HTLV-1 infection is required and in susceptible individuals leads to immune dysregulation with subsequent immunosuppression and superinfection with SA and BHS. Evidence suggests that host, environment and genetic factors may play a causative role. Genetic factors within ethnic groups determine host immune response and carrier state or disease manifestation of HTLV-1 infection. Increased IgE levels may contribute to the SA and BHS superinfection in HAID. Additionally, the possible impact of filaggrin, skin proteinase dysregulation, Langerhans cell dysfunction and TH2 chemokines is highlighted. More than 45 years since the discovery of HAID, the exact pathogenesis is still not fully understood. Further research is still needed to clearly elucidate the exact pathogenic mechanism of HAID.

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“…The age of onset is between 40 and 60 years. Cases reported in young patients have been rarely reported 1 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A wide range of treatments have been reported, including electrosurgery, dermabrasion and CO 2 laser 2 . Prior medical treatment with isotretinoin may reduce the volume of the sebaceous glands 1 . However, surgical excision is the principal method.…”

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confidence: 99%