2010
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60826-4
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Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis is characterised by persistent synovitis, systemic inflammation, and autoantibodies (particularly to rheumatoid factor and citrullinated peptide). 50% of the risk for development of rheumatoid arthritis is attributable to genetic factors. Smoking is the main environmental risk. In industrialised countries, rheumatoid arthritis affects 0·5-1·0% of adults, with 5-50 per 100 000 new cases annually. The disorder is most typical in women and elderly people. Uncontrolled active rheumatoid arthri… Show more

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Cited by 2,774 publications
(2,266 citation statements)
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“…Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with joint destruction, functional disability and an increased risk of comorbidities and extra-articular manifestations, as well as increased mortality and reduced workforce participation [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. In recent years, knowledge about the underlying pathogenesis and process of disease in RA has increased; this, coupled with significant advances in disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) has brought about unprecedented opportunities for the management of the condition [9,10].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with joint destruction, functional disability and an increased risk of comorbidities and extra-articular manifestations, as well as increased mortality and reduced workforce participation [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. In recent years, knowledge about the underlying pathogenesis and process of disease in RA has increased; this, coupled with significant advances in disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) has brought about unprecedented opportunities for the management of the condition [9,10].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by persistent synovitis and systemic inflammation and has a spectrum of extraarticular manifestations, and affects approximately 0.5-1.0% of adults (1). Active RA is associated with altered body composition (2), e.g., cachexia, decreased skeletal muscle mass, and increased body fat.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The pathogenesis of RA involves many factors, including interleukin (IL)-1, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-17 cytokines, macrophages and T and B cell populations ( Brennan & McInnes 2008 , Scott et al 2010 ). The involvement of many subtypes of T-helper (Th) cells has been demonstrated in the immune responses of RA patients ( Cope 2008 ); therefore, these cells were predicted to play a crucial role in RA development.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%