“…A large body of research has emerged since the inception of the DT, but nearly all studies have examined North American undergraduate samples (i.e., Hodson, Hogg, & MacInnis, 2009;Jonason, Kaufman, Webster, & Geher, 2013;. However, despite this growing popularity, issues with reported alpha coefficients (Dunn, Baguley, & Brunsden, 2013;Jonason et al, 2017), structural fit indices (Jones & Paulhus, 2014;Pabian et al, 2015), and strong intercorrelations among psychopathy and Machiavellianism (Persson et al, 2019;Vize et al, 2018) have surfaced criticisms concerning what meaningful interpretations can be made from such a statistically fragile personality measure. For example, Jonason, Kaufman, Webster, and Geher (2013) surveyed samples from Singapore and Poland, examining the interplay of romantic relationships and the DT; Robertson, Datu, Brawley, Pury, and Mateo (2016) comparatively examined the influence of self-construals and power distance across the USA and the Philippines, and found that the DT traits operate differently across the two countries; and most recently Jonason et al (2017), examined individual differences across six countries and found that males scored higher on all DT traits regardless of location.…”