Revisión sobre las infecciones no bacterianas del aparato respiratorio: neumonías víricas

Abstract

Although bacteria are the main pathogens involved in community-acquired pneumonia, a significant number of community-acquired pneumonia are caused by viruses, either directly or as part of a co-infection. The clinical picture of these different pneumonias can be very similar, but viral infection is more common in the pediatric and geriatric populations, leukocytes are not generally elevated, fever is variable, and upper respiratory tract symptoms often occur; procalcitonin levels are not generally affected. For years, the diagnosis of viral pneumonia was based on cell culture and antigen detection, but since the introduction of polymerase chain reaction techniques in the clinical setting, identification of these pathogens has increased and new microorganisms such as human bocavirus have been discovered. In general, influenza virus type A and syncytial respiratory virus are still the main pathogens involved in this entity. However, in recent years, outbreaks of deadly coronavirus and zoonotic influenza virus have demonstrated the need for constant alert in the face of new emerging pathogens. Neuraminidase inhibitors for viral pneumonia have been shown to reduce transmission in cases of exposure and to improve the clinical progress of patients in intensive care; their use in common infections is not recommended. Ribavirin has been used in children with syncytial respiratory virus, and in immunosuppressed subjects. Apart from these drugs, no antiviral has been shown to be effective. Prevention with anti-influenza virus vaccination and with monoclonal antibodies, in the case of syncytial respiratory virus, may reduce the incidence of pneumonia.

T84 air‐liquid interface cultures enable isolation of human bocavirus

“…Despite being frequently detected as a copathogen in respiratory infections, the human bocavirus has also been shown to be a major player in viral respiratory mono‐infections in all age‐groups 1, 2, 3, 4. However, although known since more than a decade, cultivation of the virus remains a major challenge and was so far limited to some selected laboratories, which made either use of primary air‐liquid interface cell cultures or not commercially available CuFi‐8 cells 5, 6…”

Comparison of pneumonia features in children caused by SARS-CoV-2 and other viral respiratory pathogens.

“…It remains unclear whether SARS-CoV-2-associated CAP can be differentiated from other viral CAP-related infections based on clinical, analytical or radiographical findings. In addition, in children with CAP and coinfections with SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses, it is difficult to distinguish which virus contributes most to the CAP 10 .…”

Identification of pulmonary comorbid diseases network based repurposing effective drugs for COVID-19

“…But keep control of the viral load in these persons are much more crucial than the infected persons because they are more contiguous in spreading the virus 9 . There are numerous viruses follow the upper respiratory path for infection including the common cold influenzas virus 10,11,12,13 . Clinical studies supported that simple hypertonic saline nasal irrigation and gargling an ancient Yogic practice called "Jalaneti" significantly reduced the viral load in the influenza virus patients 14,15 .…”