Review: Surfactant protein D: A lung specific biomarker in COPD?

Sin, Don D.; Pahlavan, Payam S.; Man, S. F. Paul

doi:10.1177/1753465808088903

Cited by 54 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Bowler 36 stated that clinical research in COPD has been hampered by the lack of validated blood biomarkers and discussed the evidence supporting SPD as a COPD biomarker. Sin et al 37 commented that the scarcity of a well-validated, robust, and easily obtainable intermediate end point such as serum biomarkers is a major impediment in the development of novel drugs for COPD and reported SPD as a promising systemic biomarker fulfilling some of the criteria of a biomarker. Dickens et al 26 (ECLIPSE study investigators) also expressed the need for biomarkers to better characterize individuals with COPD and to aid in the development of therapeutic interventions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Utility of Biomarkers in COPD

Ambade¹,

Sontakke

Barthwal³

et al. 2015

Respir Care

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BACKGROUND: COPD will become the third leading cause of death by 2020. There are many situations in which spirometry, the primary tool for diagnosis of COPD, cannot be performed, and thus, the staging and status of these patients cannot be determined. To date, there is no known biochemical marker used for diagnosing COPD. This study aimed to explore the utility of biomarkers for diagnosis of COPD. METHODS: This was an observational study composed of 96 stable subjects with COPD and 96 subjects with normal lung function. Each group contained an equal number of smokers and nonsmokers. Serum levels of superoxide dismutase 3, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity, C-reactive protein, and surfactant protein D (SPD) were estimated. Ferroxidase activity was estimated by a kinetic method, whereas the other analytes were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The cutoff value, sensitivity and specificity at the cutoff value, and area under the curve for each analyte were determined from receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS: Significantly decreased superoxide dismutase 3 and increased ferroxidase activity, SPD, glutathione peroxidase, and C-reactive protein levels were found in subjects with COPD. For all subjects and nonsmoking subjects with COPD, the area under the curve was highest for ferroxidase activity, followed by glutathione peroxidase, SPD, and C-reactive protein, with a sensitivity and specificity of > 73%. For smoking subjects with COPD, the area under the curve was highest for SPD, followed by glutathione peroxidase, ferroxidase activity, and C-reactive protein, with a sensitivity and specificity > 67%. Some combinations of markers were found to give either a sensitivity or specificity of > 95%, which can be utilized to rule in and rule out COPD. CONCLUSIONS: Biomarkers can be reliably utilized in the diagnosis of COPD. Of all the markers, SPD appears to be the most promising in smokers, whereas ferroxidase activity shows promise in nonsmokers. To rule out COPD, ferroxidase activity or glutathione peroxidase can be potentially useful, whereas to rule in COPD, ferroxidase activity and glutathione peroxidase appear to be the most promising combination in both nonsmoking and smoking subjects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Utility of Biomarkers in COPD

Ambade¹,

Sontakke

Barthwal³

et al. 2015

Respir Care

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“…Nevertheless, we cannot exclude the possibility that SP-D upregulation at the gene expression level in hyperglycemic GDM women observed in our research could be an effective compensation for enhanced oxidative stress and inflammation, the two interconnected processes induced by high glucose concentration, in diabetic patients, since SP-D has been recognized as a molecule with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. 16,17 We also observed the existence of clinical associations between leukocyte SFTPD expression and fasting glycemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation among pregnant women, which reflect functional and biological importance of this biomolecule during gestation. The reasons for these associations are currently unknown.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…15 Moreover, SP-D exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties through a decrease of the expression of some pro-inflammatory cytokines and a reduction of lipid peroxidation, respectively. 16,17 More recently, SP-D has emerged as a factor that appears to link to metabolic disorders. In fact, decreased serum SP-D concentration has been reported in subjects with obesity and T2DM and it negatively correlates with fasting and post-load serum glucose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased expression of immune-related genes in leukocytes of patients with diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)

Wójcik

Zieleniak

Źurawska-Kliś

et al. 2015

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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Compelling evidence indicates that the immune system is linked to metabolism in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but factors participating in these processes still are awaiting identification. Inducible nitric oxide synthase, encoded by the NOS2 gene, and surfactant protein D, encoded by the SFTPD gene, have been implicated in diabetes. We investigated NOS2 and SFTPD mRNA levels in leukocytes obtained from 125 pregnant women with (n ¼ 87) or without (control group; n ¼ 38) GDM, and, in turn, correlated their expression with clinical parameters of subjects. Leukocytes were isolated from the blood of pregnant women and NOS2 and SFTPD expression in these cells was determined by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). Univariate correlation analyses were performed to assess an association between leukocyte NOS2 and SFTPD expression and clinical characteristics of patients. qRT-PCR experiments disclosed significantly increased leukocyte NOS2 and SFTPD mRNA levels in hyperglycemic GDM patients (P < 0.05). In the entire study group, there were significant positive associations of leukocyte NOS2 and SFTPD mRNAs with C-reactive protein. Additionally, transcript level of SFTPD also correlated positively with fasting glycemia and insulin resistance. This study demonstrates that an impaired glucose metabolism in GDM may be predominant predictor of leukocyte NOS2 and SFTPD overexpression in diabetic patients. Furthermore, alterations in the expression of these genes are associated with glucose metabolism dysfunction and/or inflammation during pregnancy. In addition, these findings support the utilization of leukocytes as good experimental model to study a relationship between immune-related genes and metabolic changes in women with GDM, as well as to assess the potential mechanisms underlying these alterations.

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“…29,40 Recent studies have shown the importance of S-PD in antibacterial defense against pathogenic species encountered in bronchial colonization in COPD and in exacerbations: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae or Staphylococcus aureus. 40 S-PD is elevated in COPD and in smokers, and is associated with an increased risk of exacerbations. Inhaled or systemic corticosteroids lower the S-PD.…”

Section: Surfactant Protein D (S-pd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…39,40 S-PD modulates the immune response (decreases the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, decreases lymphocytes and oxidative stress and increases phagocytosis). 29,40 Recent studies have shown the importance of S-PD in antibacterial defense against pathogenic species encountered in bronchial colonization in COPD and in exacerbations: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae or Staphylococcus aureus. 40 S-PD is elevated in COPD and in smokers, and is associated with an increased risk of exacerbations.…”

Section: Surfactant Protein D (S-pd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Biomarkers in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Comes

Ianoși

Jimborean

2016

Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine

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Chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) is a severe progressive disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and correct treatment improve the symptoms, quality of life and survival in COPD. Exacerbations of the disease are acute events that cause worsening of COPD symptoms (dyspnea, cough and/or sputum) and may require modification of stable COPD therapy. COPD exacerbations add inflammation, damage the quality of life, deteriorate the lung function, increase mortality and associate high socio-economic costs. Accurate early prediction of exacerbation and mortality risk facilitates patient selection upon risk, in order to provide appropriately targeted early treatment. The risk of having frequent exacerbations is clearly demonstrated by recognized studies in patients with specific criteria: previous exacerbation in the last year, decrease in FEV1s, increase in the score of St. George Questionnaire (life quality decline), high levels of several inflammatory biomarkers, such as neutrophils, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, pro-calcitonin, eosinophils, IL-6, IL-8, chemokine ligand 18 (CCL-18/PARC), surfactant protein D (SP-D). Simultaneously elevated levels of CRP, fibrinogen and leukocyte count in COPD patients were associated with an increased risk for exacerbations. At the same time, elevated levels of the three biomarkers are associated with an increased risk of major comorbidities in COPD. Biomarker detection may be an additional tool for assessment and management of COPD comorbidities. Detection of pathologic levels of inflammatory biomarkers improves the ability to predict the risk mortality in COPD alongside with BODE index (BMI, obstruction in lung function, dyspnea scale, 6-minute walk test) and may provide a targeted treatment.

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Review: Surfactant protein D: A lung specific biomarker in COPD?

Cited by 54 publications

References 77 publications

Diagnostic Utility of Biomarkers in COPD

Diagnostic Utility of Biomarkers in COPD

Increased expression of immune-related genes in leukocytes of patients with diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)

Inflammatory Biomarkers in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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