Review paper: The 14th October 1968 Mw 6.6 Meckering surface rupturing earthquake, Australia

King, Tamarah R; Quigley, Mark; Clark, Dan

doi:10.31223/osf.io/2zgrn

Cited by 1 publication

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…Detailed summaries of the geology, seismology, surface rupture and palaeoseismology for the eleven considered historical surface ruptures from 1968 to 2016 are available as seven EarthArXiv reports ( [120][121][122][123][124][125][126]). Figures and data in these reports include available geological maps, geophysical maps, borehole data, surface rupture maps, displacement data, and available palaeoseismic trench logs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Marryat Creek, Pukatja and Petermann events occurred within the Mesoproterozoic Musgrave Block (Figure 1) within 0-10 km of major terrane boundaries. The Tennant Creek ruptures extend across the boundary of the Proterozoic Warramunga Province and Neoproterozoic-Cambrian Wiso Basin (Figure 1) (summary of all regional geology in Table 3, comprehensive details in EarthArXiv reports [120][121][122][123][124][125][126]). Granitic gneiss, migmatite, mylonite, granulite, and/or amphibolite basement rock is observed in trenches or outcrop at <1 m depth at multiple locations along the Petermann (Figure 2), Pukatja, Marryat Creek (Figure 2), Cadoux and Meckering ruptures.…”

Section: Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may relate to dip measurement difficulties for heavily weathered bedrock. (Summary of basement/bedrock in Table 4, comprehensive details in EarthArXiv reports [120][121][122][123][124][125][126]).…”

Section: Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Uncertainties listed in Table 5 include published uncertainties or an assigned value of ± 10 km where no uncertainties are available [102]. Epicenters with lower uncertainties are derived using a variety of relocation methods including extra analysis (e.g., InSAR slip distributions, joint hypocenter determination) or extra data (e.g., surface rupture location, aftershocks from temporary seismometer arrays) (comprehensive details in EarthArXiv reports [120][121][122][123][124][125][126]). The epistemic uncertainty relating to the quality of velocity models used to locate epicenters is unconstrainted but appears to be one of the major sources of inaccurate locations where instrumentation is particularly sparse.…”

Section: Seismologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Centroid moment tensor depth, preferred value from publication. 4 Earthquake within 6 months and 50 km of epicenter (affected by catalogue completeness for very remote events, see EarthArXiv reports ( [120][121][122][123][124][125][126]) for details). 5 Earthquakes (n > 5) within 10 years and 50 km of the epicenter (affected by catalogue completeness for very remote events, see EarthArXiv reports for details).…”

Section: Seismologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface-Rupturing Historical Earthquakes in Australia and Their Environmental Effects: New Insights from Re-Analyses of Observational Data

2019

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We digitize surface rupture maps and compile observational data from 67 publications on ten of eleven historical, surface-rupturing earthquakes in Australia in order to analyze the prevailing characteristics of surface ruptures and other environmental effects in this crystalline basement-dominated intraplate environment. The studied earthquakes occurred between 1968 and 2018, and range in moment magnitude (Mw) from 4.7 to 6.6. All earthquakes involved co-seismic reverse faulting (with varying amounts of strike-slip) on single or multiple (1–6) discrete faults of ≥ 1 km length that are distinguished by orientation and kinematic criteria. Nine of ten earthquakes have surface-rupturing fault orientations that align with prevailing linear anomalies in geophysical (gravity and magnetic) data and bedrock structure (foliations and/or quartz veins and/or intrusive boundaries and/or pre-existing faults), indicating strong control of inherited crustal structure on contemporary faulting. Rupture kinematics are consistent with horizontal shortening driven by regional trajectories of horizontal compressive stress. The lack of precision in seismological data prohibits the assessment of whether surface ruptures project to hypocentral locations via contiguous, planar principal slip zones or whether rupture segmentation occurs between seismogenic depths and the surface. Rupture centroids of 1–4 km in depth indicate predominantly shallow seismic moment release. No studied earthquakes have unambiguous geological evidence for preceding surface-rupturing earthquakes on the same faults and five earthquakes contain evidence of absence of preceding ruptures since the late Pleistocene, collectively highlighting the challenge of using mapped active faults to predict future seismic hazards. Estimated maximum fault slip rates are 0.2–9.1 m Myr-1 with at least one order of uncertainty. New estimates for rupture length, fault dip, and coseismic net slip can be used to improve future iterations of earthquake magnitude—source size—displacement scaling equations. Observed environmental effects include primary surface rupture, secondary fracture/cracks, fissures, rock falls, ground-water anomalies, vegetation damage, sand-blows / liquefaction, displaced rock fragments, and holes from collapsible soil failure, at maximum estimated epicentral distances ranging from 0 to ~250 km. ESI-07 intensity-scale estimates range by ± 3 classes in each earthquake, depending on the effect considered. Comparing Mw-ESI relationships across geologically diverse environments is a fruitful avenue for future research.

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