Review of the literature and investigations on the prevalence and consequences of yeasts in reptiles

Kostka, V.; Hoffmann, Lena; Balks, Elisabeth; Eskens, U.; Wimmershof, N.

doi:10.1136/vr.140.11.282

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Fungal infections in reptiles are considered more common in herbivore rather than carnivore reptiles (KOSTKA et al, 1997;MILDE et al, 2000). Under In conclusion, histological and molecular findings in this case confirmed the diagnosis of necrotizing and granulomatous pneumonia, tracheitis, arteritis, hepatitis, myocarditis, gastritis/enteritis, associated with Spencermartinsiella sp.…”

supporting

confidence: 58%

Systemic infection by Spencermartinsiella sp. in a Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus)

Carvalho

Tinoco²,

Malta³

et al. 2017

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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A male adult crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) was diagnosed with systemic yeast infection. Histologically, there were extensive areas of necrosis in the lung, which were associated with a diffuse severe lympho-plasmo-histiocytic inflammatory infiltrate, with numerous multinucleated giant cells, and myriads of intralesional pseudo-hyphae and yeast like organisms within distended foveolae. Necrotic foci were also observed in the mucosa of the digestive tract, trachea, tunica intima of arteries, liver, and heart, with a marked inflammatory lympho-histiocytic infiltrate, with large numbers of epithelioid macrophages and giant cells, and intralesional and intravascular pseudo-hyphae and yeast-like organisms. Oval yeast structures with 4 to 6 μm in diameter and 5 to 8 μm thick paralleled-wall pseudo-hyphae were observed in PAS or GMS stained sections. PCR with DNA template extracted from paraffin embedded tissues amplified the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene, which was sequenced and found to be identical to sequences of a new species, isolated from rotting wood in Brazil, of the genus Spencermartinsiella, which its closest relative is Spencermartinsiella cellulosicola. Keywords: Crocodile. Crocodylus niloticus. Candidiasis. Spencermartinsiella sp. ResumoUm crocodilo macho adulto (Crocodylus niloticus) foi diagnosticado com infecção fúngica sustêmica. Histologicamente, havia extensas áreas de necrose no pulmão, que estavam associadas com infiltrado inflamatório linfo-plasmo-histiocitário, com numerosas células gigantes multinucleadas e miríade de pseudo-hifas e organismos leveduriformes intralesionais, dentro de favéolas distendidas. Focos necróticos também foram observados na mucosa do trato digestório, traquéia, túnica íntima de artérias, fígado e coração, com acentuado infiltrado inflamatório linfo-histiocitário, com grande número de macrófagos epitelioides e células gigantes e hifas e organismos leveduriformes intralesionais e intravasculares. Cortes corados por PAS e GMS evidenciaram estruturas leveduriformes ovais com 4 a 6 μm de diâmetro e pseudo-hifas de paredes espessas e paralelas com 5 a 8 μm. PCR realizado com DNA extraído de material parafinizado amplificou os domínios D1/D2 da subunidade maior do gene rRNA, cuja sequencia foi idêntica a sequências de uma nova espécie, isolada no Brasil de madeira em decomposição, do gênero Spencermartinsiella, cuja espécie mais próxima é Spencermartinsiella cellulosicola. Palavras-chave: Crocodilo. Crocodylus niloticus. Candidíase. Spencermartinsiella sp.Several yeast species are considered opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals. These yeasts are saprophytic and found on wet outer surfaces or mucosae of men and animals, including the skin, ear canal, conjunctival sac, mouth, digestive tract, as well as perianal, genital, and oral mucosae (CLEFF et al.,

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supporting

confidence: 58%

Systemic infection by Spencermartinsiella sp. in a Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus)

Carvalho

Tinoco²,

Malta³

et al. 2017

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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“…In one of these cases, the authors demonstrated that high doses of R. mucilaginosa, but not of other fungi isolated from the skin of healthy or diseased chickens, reproduced the dermatitis under experimental conditions (Beemer et al, 1970). More recently, R. mucilaginosa has also been isolated from skin lesions in cetaceans (Shotts et al, 1990), and reptiles (Kostka et al, 1997). However, no reports have been previously published on the isolation of R. mucilaginosa from this kind of lesion in pinnipeds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Isolation of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa from skin lesions in a Southern sea lion (Otaria flavescens): a case report

Álvarez‐Pérez¹,

Mateos²,

Domı́nguez³

et al. 2010

Vet. Med. - Czech

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This paper reports the isolation of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa from skin lesions in a Southern sea lion (Otaria flavescens). The microorganism was isolated from cutaneous lesions, identified by the commercial API 20 C AUX system, and confirmed by sequencing. Topical treatment with sertaconazol resulted in complete clinical recovery of the animal and repeat testing did not result in the recovery of the yeast from the healed lesion sites.

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“…Fusarium spp., Microsporum spp., Mucor spp., Penicillium spp., and Rhodotolura spp. (Georg, et al, 1962, Jacobson, 1980a, Jacobson, et al, 1980b, Glazebrook and Campbell, 1990, Frye 1991, Glazebrook, et al, 1993, Gonzales, et al, 1995, Cabanes, et al, 1997, Kostka, et al, 1997, Posthaus, et al, 1997, H ernandez-D ivers, 2001, Rose, et al, 2001). However, Paecilomyces spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shell and Systemic Hyalohyphomycosis in Fly River Turtles, Carettochelys insculpta, caused by Paecilomyces lilacinus

Lafortune

Wellehan

Terrell

et al. 2005

Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery

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Eleven wild-caught Fly River turtle hatchlings, Carettochelys insculpta, were presented for anorexia and circular shell lesions. One animal died shortly after arrival, and three others within the next month. Necropsy of two animals and one shell biopsy revealed systemic and shell mycoses. A biopsy cul ture demonstrated infection due to Paecilomyces lilacinus, a ubiquitous fungal pathogen rarely affecting mammals, fish, and reptiles. Malachite green, formaldehyde, and parenteral itraconazole were used to effectively treat the shell lesions. In addition, changes in husbandry were made, and included frequent water changes, increasing the salinity to 7 ppt, increasing the water temperature to 32°C (90°F), and pro vision of enteral support.

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Review of the literature and investigations on the prevalence and consequences of yeasts in reptiles

Cited by 27 publications

References 10 publications

Systemic infection by Spencermartinsiella sp. in a Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus)

Systemic infection by Spencermartinsiella sp. in a Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus)

Isolation of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa from skin lesions in a Southern sea lion (Otaria flavescens): a case report

Shell and Systemic Hyalohyphomycosis in Fly River Turtles, Carettochelys insculpta, caused by Paecilomyces lilacinus

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