Review of Process–Structure–Property Relationships in Metals Fabricated Using Binder Jet Additive Manufacturing

Advancements and Perspectives in Additive Manufacturing of Tungsten Alloys and Composites: Challenges and Solutions

“…[91,96] LMD's larger melt pools and slower cooling rates [96,116] aid in W particle organization and decrease porosity [92][93][94][95] BJ (Binde r Jetting ) 99.7 for WHA [98] Uses a flowable powder and polymer adhesive on a build platen, with successive layers bound together, then cured in an oven before post-processing. This technique enables the creation of intricate designs [98][99][100][101][102] Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) has been extensively studied for fabricating W and its alloys. This technique for refractory alloys translates into selective laser melting (SLM) because of the high melting points of these metals [110].…”

“…These layers are adhered together to create the targeted component. Once the printing is finished, the powder build box undergoes a heating process in an oven to solidify the adhesive [98][99][100][101][102]. The green body is subsequently separated from the surplus powder for further processing.…”

“…Over the past decade, extensive research has been undertaken on the AM of unalloyed and alloyed W, as well as W-matrix composites [43,44]. Most studies on unalloyed W have utilized laser powder bed fusion through selective laser melting (LPBF-SLM) [32,[36][37][38]40,43,, and electron beam melting (EBM) [52,53,66,[78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88] of W. Other notable methods employed include laser-direct energy deposition (L-DED) [26,53,66,[78][79][80]89], wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) [90], the emerging laser melting deposition [91][92][93][94][95][96][97], and the binder jetting additive manufacturing (BJAM), which shows immense promise for W-based materials [98][99][100][101][102]. Other novel methods such as ultrashort-time liquid phase sintering (LPS) [103], and bound metal deposition (BMD) have also been introduced …”