Review of Near-Field Wireless Power and Communication for Biomedical Applications

Kim, Hanjoon; Hirayama, Hiroshi; Kim, Sanghoek; Han, Ki Jin; Zhang, Rui; Choi, Ji-Woong

doi:10.1109/access.2017.2757267

Cited by 208 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 191 publications

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“…Conventional MIs use the radio frequency (RF) band, which is bandwidth (BW) saturated [1], and transmission power in the order of some 10 s of mW [2]. Consequently, when operating with reasonable transmission power, they are unable to achieve the high data rates required for the emulation of human organs [3,4]. Another disadvantage of conventional MI appliances is the interference from other sources operating in the same band, which can significantly degrade their performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal Quality Assessment for Transdermal Optical Wireless Communications under Pointing Errors

2018

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In this paper, we assess the signal quality of the out-body to in-body optical communication link, which can be used as a fundamental enabler of novel biomedical appliances, such as medical implants, as well as biological and chemical components monitoring. In particular, we present a mathematical understanding of the transdermal system, which takes into account the optical channel characteristics, the integrated area limitations of the in-body unit, the transceivers’ pointing errors and the particularities of the optical units. Moreover, to accommodate the propagation characteristics, we present a novel simplified, but accurate, transdermal path-gain model. Finally, we extract low-complexity closed-form expressions for the instantaneous and average signal to noise ratio of the transdermal optical link (TOL). Numerical and simulation results are provided for several insightful scenarios and reveal that pointing errors can significantly affect the reliability and effectiveness of the TOL; hence, it should be taken into account in the analysis and design of such systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal Quality Assessment for Transdermal Optical Wireless Communications under Pointing Errors

2018

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“…Firstly, the maximum allowable PDL is larger than that of the mid-field because of the lower SAR in the tissue at lower frequencies [17], [18]. Secondly, near-field WPT experiences negligible channel variations in tissue, as opposed to mid-field transmission, in which propagation delays dominate because of the inhomogeneous permeability of tissue at higher frequencies [19], [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chip-Scale Coils for Millimeter-Sized Bio-Implants

Feng

Yeon

Cheng

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.

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Next generation implantable neural interfaces are targeting devices with mm-scale form factors that are freely floating and completely wireless. Scalability to more recording (or stimulation) channels will be achieved through distributing multiple devices, instead of the current approach that uses a single centralized implant wired to individual electrodes or arrays. In this way, challenges associated with tethers, micromotion, and reliability of wiring is mitigated. This concept is now being applied to both central and peripheral nervous system interfaces. One key requirement, however, is to maximize specific absorption rate (SAR) constrained achievable wireless power transfer efficiency (PTE) of these inductive links with mm-sized receivers. Chip-scale coil structures for microsystem integration that can provide efficient near-field coupling are investigated. We develop near-optimal geometries for three specific coil structures: in-CMOS, above-CMOS (planar coil post-fabricated on a substrate), and around-CMOS (helical wirewound coil around substrate). We develop analytical and simulation models that have been validated in air and biological tissues by fabrications and experimental measurements. Specifically, we prototype structures that are constrained to a 4 mm 4 mm silicon substrate, i.e., the planar in-/above-CMOS coils have outer diameters 4 mm, whereas the around-CMOS coil has an inner diameter of 4 mm. The in-CMOS and above-CMOS coils have metal film thicknesses of 3- m aluminium and 25- m gold, respectively, whereas the around-CMOS coil is fabricated by winding a 25-m gold bonding wire around the substrate. The measured quality factors (Q) of the mm-scale Rx coils are 10.5 @450.3 MHz (in-CMOS), 24.61 @85 MHz (above-CMOS), and 26.23 @283 MHz (around-CMOS). Also, PTE of 2-coil links based on three types of chip-scale coils is measured in air and tissue environment to demonstrate tissue loss for bio-implants. The SAR-constrained maximum PTE measured (together with resonant frequencies, in tissue) are 1.64% @355.8 MHz (in-CMOS), 2.09% @82.9 MHz (above-CMOS), and 3.05% @318.8 MHz (around-CMOS).

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“…As seen from this relationship, the magnetic field is inversely proportional to distance, B ∝ 1/d 3 , causing the power transfer to drop significantly over larger distances. The use of this technology is considered matured and has been used in short-range consumer products such as wireless toothbrush, medical implants, and cellphones [12]. Application of this technique to mobile robots is limited to situations where the robot is within close proximity to the transmitter.…”

Section: Iptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The WPT literature is primarily focused on either high-power (kW) applications such as electric vehicles, which typically operate with transmission distance of <0.3 m [10] or lowpower (less than a few Watts) applications such as consumer devices at centimeter distances, wireless sensor network (WSN) at kilometer distances [11] and medical implants at centimeter distances [12]. However, the use of WPT for the mobile robots in this study requires mid power ( 100 W) and transmission distances of 1-20 m.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limitations of wireless power transfer technologies for mobile robots

2019

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Advances in technology have seen mobile robots becoming a viable solution to many global challenges. A key limitation for tetherless operation, however, is the energy density of batteries. Whilst significant research is being undertaken into new battery technologies, wireless power transfer may be an alternative solution. The majority of the available technologies are not targeted toward the medium power requirements of mobile robots; they are either for low powers (a few Watts) or very large powers (kW). This paper reviews existing wireless power transfer technologies and their applications on mobile robots. The challenges of using these technologies on mobile robots include delivering the power required, system efficiency, human safety, transmission medium, and distance, all of which are analyzed for robots operating in a hazardous environment. The limitations of current wireless power technologies to meet the challenges for mobile robots are discussed and scenarios which current wireless power technologies can be used on mobile robots are presented.

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Review of Near-Field Wireless Power and Communication for Biomedical Applications

Cited by 208 publications

References 191 publications

Signal Quality Assessment for Transdermal Optical Wireless Communications under Pointing Errors

Signal Quality Assessment for Transdermal Optical Wireless Communications under Pointing Errors

Chip-Scale Coils for Millimeter-Sized Bio-Implants

Limitations of wireless power transfer technologies for mobile robots

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