Review of Ginseng Anti-Diabetic Studies

Chen, Wei; Balan, Prabhu; Popovich, David G.

doi:10.3390/molecules24244501

Cited by 96 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…In general, saponins, which were isolated from ginseng that has been proven significant antidiabetic activity. The mechanism of these components in antidiabetic treatment is to moderate the enzyme activity [ 50 , 60 ] to influence glucose metabolism and control insulin secretion [ 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 ].…”

Section: Bioactive Compounds From Plants Having Type 2 Antidiabetimentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive Compounds in Anti-Diabetic Plants: From Herbal Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery

Tran

Bao

2020

Biology

268

113

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Natural products, including organisms (plants, animals, or microorganisms) have been shown to possess health benefits for animals and humans. According to the estimation of the World Health Organization, in developing countries, 80% of the population has still depended on traditional medicines or folk medicines which are mostly prepared from the plant for prevention or treatment diseases. Traditional medicine from plant extracts has proved to be more affordable, clinically effective and relatively less adverse effects than modern drugs. Literature shows that the attention on the application of phytochemical constituents of medicinal plants in the pharmaceutical industry has increased significantly. Plant-derived secondary metabolites are small molecules or macromolecules biosynthesized in plants including steroids, alkaloids, phenolic, lignans, carbohydrates and glycosides, etc. that possess a diversity of biological properties beneficial to humans, such as their antiallergic, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antioxidant activities Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease result of metabolic disorders in pancreas β-cells that have hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia can be caused by a deficiency of insulin production by pancreatic (Type 1 diabetes mellitus) or insufficiency of insulin production in the face of insulin resistance (Type 2 diabetes mellitus). The current medications of diabetes mellitus focus on controlling and lowering blood glucose levels in the vessel to a normal level. However, most modern drugs have many side effects causing some serious medical problems during a period of treating. Therefore, traditional medicines have been used for a long time and play an important role as alternative medicines. Moreover, during the past few years, some of the new bioactive drugs isolated from plants showed antidiabetic activity with more efficacy than oral hypoglycemic agents used in clinical therapy. Traditional medicine performed a good clinical practice and is showing a bright future in the therapy of diabetes mellitus. World Health Organization has pointed out this prevention of diabetes and its complications is not only a major challenge for the future, but essential if health for all is to be attained. Therefore, this paper briefly reviews active compounds, and pharmacological effects of some popular plants which have been widely used in diabetic treatment. Morphological data from V-herb database of each species was also included for plant identification.

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Section: Bioactive Compounds From Plants Having Type 2 Antidiabetimentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive Compounds in Anti-Diabetic Plants: From Herbal Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery

Tran

Bao

2020

Biology

268

113

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“…Intervention studies in humans and animals have demonstrated that ginseng extracts and ginsenosides improve insulin sensitivity [47,48]. In vitro studies have also shown their modulatory effects on PPARγ, a nuclear receptor for anti-diabetic drugs, and the expression of its downstream target genes [36,38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Synergistic Anti-Diabetic Effect by Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg3 through Adipogenic and Insulin Signaling Pathways in 3T3-L1 Cells

et al. 2021

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Although ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg3 have been identified as the significant ginsenosides found in red ginseng that confer anti-diabetic actions, it is unclear whether insulin-sensitizing effects are mediated by the individual compounds or by their combination. To determine the effect of ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg3 on adipocyte differentiation, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were induced to differentiate the standard hormonal inducers in the absence or presence of ginsenosides Rb1 or Rg3. Additionally, we determined the effects of Rb1, Rg3, or their combination on the expression of genes related to adipocyte differentiation, adipogenic transcription factors, and the insulin signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 cells using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Rb1 significantly increased the expression of CEBPα, PPARγ, and aP2 mRNAs. However, Rg3 exerted its maximal stimulatory effect on these genes at 1 μM concentration, while a high concentration (50 μM) showed inhibitory effects. Similarly, treatment with Rb1 and Rg3 (1 μM) increased the expression of IRS-1, Akt, PI3K, GLUT4, and adiponectin. Importantly, co-treatment of Rb1 and Rg3 (9:1) induced the maximal expression levels of these mRNAs. Our data indicate that the anti-diabetic activity of red ginseng is, in part, mediated by synergistic actions of Rb1 and Rg3, further supporting the significance of minor Rg3.

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“…Panax quinquefolius saponin (PQS), extracted from the leaves of ginseng, [ 111 ] has been reported to have pharmacological activity, including kidney protection, [ 112 ] antioxidative, [ 113 ] anti‐inflammation, [ 114 ] and hypoglycemic [ 115 ] effects. The protective effects of PQS against cisplatin‐induced cardiotoxicity were investigated in ICR mice.…”

Section: Protective Effects Of Natural Compounds Against Cytotoxic Drmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural compounds against cytotoxic drug‐induced cardiotoxicity: A review on the involvement of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

Yarmohammadi

Hayes

Karimi

2020

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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Cardiotoxicity is a critical concern in the use of several cytotoxic drugs. Induction of apoptosis, inflammation, and autophagy following dysregulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway contributes to the cardiac damage induced by these drugs. Several natural compounds (NCs), including ferulic acid, gingerol, salvianolic acid B, paeonol, apigenin, calycosin, rutin, neferine, higenamine, vincristine, micheliolide, astragaloside IV, and astragalus polysaccharide, have been reported to suppress cytotoxic drug‐induced cardiac injury. This article reviews these NCs that have been reported to have a protective effect against cytotoxic drug‐induced cardiotoxicity through regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

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Review of Ginseng Anti-Diabetic Studies

Cited by 96 publications

References 68 publications

Bioactive Compounds in Anti-Diabetic Plants: From Herbal Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery

Bioactive Compounds in Anti-Diabetic Plants: From Herbal Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery

A Synergistic Anti-Diabetic Effect by Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg3 through Adipogenic and Insulin Signaling Pathways in 3T3-L1 Cells

Natural compounds against cytotoxic drug‐induced cardiotoxicity: A review on the involvement of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

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