Review Of G And P Typing Results From A Global Collection Of Rotavirus Strains: Implications For Vaccine Development

Abstract

Candidate rotavirus vaccines have been prepared with reassortant strains specifically to protect against the 4 major rotavirus G serotypes (G1 -4). Many studies using P (VP4) genotyping methods have indicated that, worldwide, rotavirus strains of the 4 common G serotypes are each associated with 1 P genotype: GI, G3, and G4 are associated with P[8], and G2 is associated with P[4]. In contrast, G and P genotyping of rotavirus in specimens from India revealed that a high percentage of the childhood diarrhea strains belong to genotype P[6], and the most common strain had an unusual G serotype, G9. Similarly, in all regions surveyed in Brazil, apparent reassortants of genotype P[8], G5 were found in children with gastroenteritis. These studies indicate that while rotavirus strains have limited diversity in many settings, reassortment between common and uncommon serotypes or animal strains can arise in some settings and, thus, lead to unusual diversity.

Projecting the effectiveness of RotaTeq® against rotavirus-related hospitalisations in Brazil

“…International health agencies have determined that the development of rotavirus vaccines is the best means of preventing morbidity and mortality due to rotavirus infection (Bressee et al 2005, Guarino et al 2008 (Gentsch et al 1996, Santos & Hoshino 2005, Matthijnssens et al 2008. A recent surveillance study of cities in different regions in Brazil (Goiânia, Midwest Region, Porto Alegre, South Region, Salvador, Northeast Region, and São Paulo, Southeast Region) from 2005-2006 identified G9 as the predominant rotavirus serotype, followed by G2 and G1 (Munford et al 2009).…”

“…In addition, recent effectiveness studies in the USA and Nicaragua showed that RV5 is effective in protecting against rotavirus-related hospitalisations , Boom et al 2010. However, because of the variation in the regional and global distributions of rotavirus serotypes, it is important to account for local surveillance data, if available, to accurately predict vaccine effectiveness in regions where no trials or effectiveness studies have been conducted (Gentsch et al 1996). The objective of this analysis was to project the potential effectiveness of RV5 against RGE-related hospitalisations in Brazil.…”

Rotavirus Infection: A Perspective on Epidemiology, Genomic Diversity and Vaccine Strategies

“…In a similar study carried out a few years later (1996-1997) the emergence of G9P [6] was observed, increasing from 0% (in 1990) to 6% [75]. In Brazil, serotype G5 is commonly isolated in greater numbers, [10% as reported in many studies [39,51].…”

G and P rotavirus genotypes in stool samples from children in Teresina, State of Piauí

“…The scheme described above was intended to detect VP7 genotypes G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G8, G9, G10 and G11. The first round of P genotyping was performed by amplification of the VP8* portion of the VP4 gene, and the second round of amplification was performed with a pool of specific primers for the following P genotypes: P [1], P [4], P [5], P [6], P [7], P [8], P [9], P [10] and P [11].…”

“…The VP7 serotype is named the G serotype because VP7 is a glycoprotein 9 . Fifteen G serotypes have been recognized to date, and these correlate with all known G genotypes that have been determined by sequence analysis of the VP7 gene 17 30 .…”